Mantle flow

Ito G, Shen Y, Hirth G, Wolfe CJ (1999) Mantle flow, melhng, and dehydration of the Iceland manhe plume. Earth Planet Sci Lett 165 81-96... 

Rabinowicz M, Ceuleneer G, Monnereau M, Rosemberg C (1990) Three-dimensional models of mantle flow across a low-viscosity zone implications for hotspot dynamics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 99 170-184 Reid MR(1995) Processes of mantle enrichment and magmatic differentiation in the eastern Snake River Plain Th isotope evidence. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 131 239-254 Reid MR, Ramos FC (1996) Chemical dynamics of enriched mantle in the southwestern United States Thorium isotope evidence. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 138 67-81. 

Smith GP, Weins DA, Fischer KM, Dorman LM, Webb SC, Hildebrand JA (2001) A complex pattern of mantle flow in the Lau backarc. Science 292 713-716... 

Turner S, Hawkesworth C (1998) Using geochemistry to map mantle flow beneath the Lau Basin. Geology 26 1019-1022... 

Forte AM, Peltier WR, Dziewonski AM, Woodward RL (1993) Dynamic surface topography - Anew interpretation based upon mantle flow models derived from seismic tomography. Geophys Res Lett 20 225-228 Gregory-Wodzicki KM (1997) The late Eocene House Range flora, Sevier Desert, Utah Paleoclimate and paleoelevation. Palaios 12 552-567... 

Ceuleneer G. and Rabinowicz M. (1992) Mantle flow and melt migration beneath oceanic ridges models derived from observations in ophiolites. In Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges (eds. J. P. Morgan, D. K. Blackman, and J. M. Sinton). American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, vol. 71, pp. 123-154. 

Ceuleneer G., Nicolas A., and Boudier F. (1988) Mantle flow patterns at an oceanic spreading centre the Oman peridotites record. Tectonophysics 151, 1-26. 

In another example, Richard et al. (2002) simulated the transport of water in a two-dimensional mantle convection model. They found that mantle flow, not diffusion, was the primary control on water distribution, which led to a homogeneous distribution of water in the mantle. If this is the case, the transition zone may contain less water than could be dissolved into the nominally anhydrous phases present there. Because of the low solubility of water in lower-mantle nominally anhydrous phases (Bolfan-Casanova et al., 2000), Richard et al. proposed that there might be a water-rich fluid phase in the lower mantle. They did not, however, consider the possibility of water-induced partial melting, leading to a melt rather than a fluid. 

Braun M. G., Hirth G., and Parmentier E. M. (2000) The effect of deep damp melting on mantle flow and melt generation beneath mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 176,... 

Stegman D. R., Richards M. A., and Baumgardner J. R. (2002) Effects of depth-dependent viscosity and plate motions on maintaining a relatively uniform mid-ocean ridge basalt reservoir in whole mantle flow. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 10.1029/2001JB000192. 

Figure 21 Latitude (° N) versus smoothed axial depth and (La/Sm)N for the northern MAR. Latitudinal depth variations, taken at 5° intervals, are from LeDouaran and Francheteau (1981) and Vogt (1986) La/Sm data are from Schilling et al. (1983) (reproduced by permission of American Geophysical Union from Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-ocean Ridges, 1992, 77, 183 - 280).

Batiza R., Niu Y., and Zayac W. C. (1990) Chemistry of seamounts near the East Pacific Rise implications for the geometry of sub-axial mantle flow. Geology 18, 1122-1125. 

Fouch, M. j., Fischer, K. M., Parmentier, E. M., Wysession, M. E. Clarke, T. J. 2000. Shear wave splitting, continental keels and patterns of mantle flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 6255-6276. 

We summarize the results of several plume simulations for a small craton, using the approach of Sleep (1997). We then analyse the effect of plume material emplacement beneath cratonic keels and channels of different dimensions. This work presents new simulations of plume flow beneath the African continent that include deep keels beneath Archaean cratons, which were not considered in the simple models of Ebinger Sleep (1998). Flow velocities and strains predicted from our preferred model allow us to estimate the magnitude and direction of SKS splitting by plume flow around a cratonic keel. These patterns are then compared with SKS splitting patterns from normal mantle flow around a keel (e.g. Fouch et al. 1999). 

The primary mechanism for seismic anisotropy in the mantle is thought to be due to the lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine and other dominant minerals. Numerical predictions of mantle flow-fields can be used to predict LPO as a result of dislocation mechanisms and hence the seismic anisotropy (e.g. Blackman et al. 1996 ... 

The second section contains papers modelling cratonic evolution and accretion. Sleep et al. present numerical models of cratonic roots in normal mantle flow and in the presence of plumes. Cratons may suffer lateral erosion rather thinning. Bleeker reviews the tectonic evolution of Archaean granite-greenstone terrains. Then, taking... 

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