Dynamic data post processing

It should also be considered when interpreting coronary CTA that details like collateral vessels, contrast run-off and direction of filling of coronary arteries are not visualized by CTA. Finally, the hemo-dynamic relevance of coronary artery stenoses may not only be determined by its degree but also requires motion analysis of the myocardium or myocardium perfusion data under rest and exercise. However, more and more post-processing tools are under development trying to provide quantitative measurements for the degree of stenoses in the coronary arteries. These measurements correspond to the quantitative coronary assessment (QCA) known from cardiac catheter (Fig. 15.3). The reliability of these measurements has not yet been determined. 

EPR is used extensively to detect, identify and follow the fate of radicals involved in polymerization or polymer degradation processes. It is also used extensively to characterize polymeric materials in terms of their morphology, heterogeneity, structural transformations, chain dynamics, and so on [2-5]. For this purpose, one can take advantage of the stable paramagnetic centers present in material to be examined (e.g., residual post-polymerization radicals, or TMIs used as catalytic centers or stabilizers). In most cases, however, external spin probes are added, including spin-labeled macromolecules (see Sections 23.2.1.5 and 23.2.2.1) [6]. The sensitivity and high content of structural information contained in the spin Hamiltonian parameters allow to obtain valuable - and often unique - data on the studied systems [7]. 

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