Dyes, Mordants and Bleaches

CROSLAND AND CADY—LITERATURE OF DYES, MORDANTS, AND BLEACHES... 

Bibliography. The bibliography does not comprise a complete survey of sources in the field. It has been compiled to help the technical man and others, who must start from nothing to find literature they need on dyes, mordants and bleaches. 

Deterioration. The causes of degradation phenomena in textiles (155—158, 164) are many and include pollution, bleaches, acids, alkaUes, and, of course, wear. The single most important effect, however, is that of photodegradation. Both ceUulosic and proteinaceous fibers are highly photosensitive. The natural sensitivity of the fibers are enhanced by impurities, remainders of finishing processes, and mordants for dyes. Depolymerization and oxidation lead to decreased fiber strength and to embrittlement. 

Place the print in the mordant for 1 to 5 minutes. The image will turn brownish gray. The longer the image is in the bleach the more silver is mordant and the deeper the dye tone. Wash for 5 minutes or until all of the bleach is removed from the print. Place in the dye toner for 2 to 5 minutes. Rinse, use stain remover if necessary, and wash. 

However, it was the Industrial Revolution, commencing about 1760, which resulted in the establishment of a fully fledged chemical industry. The establishment of a large number of textile mills created a demand for a range of chemicals used in the processing of fibre into finished cloth. These included alkalis, acids, bleaching agents, mordants and dyes. 

Turkey red dyeing was introduced by John Wilson of Ainsworth in 1762, and bleaching was generally introduced into the Manchester district in 1763. Henry adopted the chemical theory the unequal powers of wool, silk, linen, and cotton for taking up and fixing dyes he regarded as due to different chemical attractions. Mordants have affinities for the fabric and the colour and... 

Sodium thiosulfate is a common analytical reagent used in iodometric titration to analyze chlorine, bromine, and sulfide. Other uses are in bleaching paper pulp, bleaching straw, ivory, and bones, for removing chlorine from solutions, silver extraction from its ores, a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles, and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning. 

Use Electroconductive and electroluminescent coatings, mordant in dyeing textiles, perfume stabilization, manufacture of fuchsin, color lakes, ceramic coatings, bleaching agent for sugar, stabilizer for certain resins, manufacture of blueprint and other sensitized papers, other tin salts, bacteria and fungi control in soaps. 

Uses Ink stain removal cleaning metals and woods in photography mordant in dyeing bleaching agent for stearic acid laboratory reagent commercially avail, in monohydrate cryst. form... 

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