Dust from vacuum cleaner bags

Carbamates (bendiocarb, carbaryl etc.) Homogenized dust from vacuum cleaner bags GC-MS (Cl) 0.05-0.1 Roinestad et al. (1993)... 

Carbamates (bendiocarb, propoxur etc.) 63-pm-fraction of dust from vacuum cleaner bags GC-MSD (SIM) 0.1-0.5 Walker et al. (1994)... 

Support for the thesis that household dust leads to contamination comes from correlations between biocides in dust and in samples of human origin. This correlation was reported for PCP in the urine of women and children and dust from vacuum cleaner bags (Krause and Englert, 1980), and in PDSP and urine respectively (MeiBner and Schweinsberg, 1996). On the other hand, no correlation was observed between PCP in household dust and blood by Liebl et al. (1996). 

House dust from vacuum cleaner bags collected in Northern Germany (1998/1999), sieved to <63 pm,... 

House dust from vacuum cleaner bags collected in Hamburg (Germany, 1998-2000), sieved to <63 pm House dust, exactly one week old, sampled with commercial vacuum cleaners (Germany) only the fine dust fraction (not specified exactly) was analyzed. 

House dust serves as a reservoir for pesticides in households [85]. Dust ingestion scenarios show that exposures could also exceed the diazinon chronic reference dose [115]. Support for the thesis that household dust may not only be a direct exposure path but may serve as an indicator for all indoor exposure paths can be concluded from correlations between pesticides in dust and in samples of human origin. Regarding PCP, a semivolatile pesticide, concentrations in urine of women and children corresponded well with indoor dust samples from vacuum cleaner bags [13,136]. 

Whereas the analytical part of the determination of biocides in dust displays only minor differences, samples referred to as household dust vary significantly. So far, no standard protocol for dust sampling has been reported. In the United States a High Volume Small Surface Sampler (HVS3) collecting dust samples of 2-100 g from carpets and bare floors in about 15 min has been developed (Roberts and Dickey, 1995). In Germany, predominantly dust samples from vacuum cleaner bags collected by commercial vacuum cleaners are used for evaluation of biocides in some cases samples were analyzed in passively deposited suspended particulate (PDSP) (Krause et al.. 

First, but very few, results on the occurrence of phthalates indoors were collected by Warns.The first report on the occurrence of a flame retardant plasticizer in house dust was on TDCPP. Sellstrom and Jansson mentioned it to be present in one out of two Swedish dust samples (from vacuum cleaner bags) but gave no concentration. In the last years however, quite a few results on phthalates and organophosphate plasticizers have been published. Some of them are compiled in Tables 17.5.5 and 17.5.6. 

Lewis et al. (1999) prepared a gross house dust sample by combing dust from four vacuum cleaner bags obtained from 25 middle-class homes. The composite dust was separated into seven size fractions ranging from <4 to 500 micrometer in diameter. Ten PAHs were analyzed. All of the ten target PAHs were detected... 

At the current time, it is not clear as to whether using vacuum cleaner bags or researcher-collected samples is more suitable. Allen etal. (2008b) compared concentrations of PBDEs in vacuum cleaner dust with researcher-coUected samples from 20 homes, finding only poor... 

Colt, J.S., S.H. Zahm, D.E. Camann and P. Hartge (1998). Comparison of pesticides and other compounds in carpet dust samples collected from used vacuum cleaner bags and from a high-volume surface sampler. Environ. Health Perspec., 106, 721-724. 

House dust from the German Environmental Survey, representative for Germany regarding age, gender, community size and place of residence. A subset of 200 randomly selected vacuum cleaner bags was taken, dust was sieved to <2 mm,... 

Dust from the space between the two filters of double-layer vacuum cleaner bags, Germany (43% of this house dust was <63 pm, only 8% >160 pm),... 

Dust from a vacuum cleaner bag can also be tested by a laboratory. This is a useful method because it provides a good sample of the dust throughout the home, without needing to test many individual surfaces. 

An analytical laboratory can analyze the dust from either a wipe or a vacuum cleaner bag using ICP (inductively coupled plasma) spectroscopy for about 25. Other methods that are used are flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS or GFAAS) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF). ... 

The most commonly used dust samplers are vacuum pumps with suitable filters, wet wipes, and vacuum cleaner bags. The intent is to simulate the transfer of household dust from a surface (i.e., a bare floor, windowsill, rug, toy, upholstered furniture) to the child s hand or directly to the mouth. 

The most frequently used methods for sampling indoor surface dust for SVOC/ POM analysis is simply to use dust from a vacuum cleaner dust bag, see for example, Krause, Chutsch and Englert (1989), or a special vacuum cleaner mouthpiece containing a filter, see for example, 0ie, Hersoug and Madsen (1997). Both the mouth-piece and the filter should be cleaned prior to use. It must be assured that the SVOCs and POMs of interest are quantitatively captured by the filter (e.g., phthalates are quantitatively captured by quartz fiber filters (Clausen and Wolkoffi 1997b)) and that the vacuum cleaner exhaust does not contaminate the samples with for example, phthalates. However, the vacuum cleaner sampling method is probably very dependent on the sampling conditions (e.g., carpet or hard floor... 

A mixture of dry and wet waste, such as vegetable scraps, fruit peelings and cores, egg shells, coffee grains, tea bags, cardboard from egg cartons and toilet rolls, shredded paper, dust from the vacuum cleaner. 

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