Durability grafting monomers

Fig. 9 Ex situ chemical stability of (m,/7-methylstyrene + crosslinker) grafted and sulfonated membranes in 3% solution at 50°C as a function of the crosslinker content (vol%) in the grafting monomer mixture. Durability time is associated with the onset of significant (more than approximately 10%) membrane weight loss. XL crosslinker (data reprinted from Chen et al. 2006a. Reprinted with the permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer with cobalt-60 as source of y-rays, Free radical formation is involved in both cross-linking and polymerization reactions This technique is also being applied in the textile finishing field for grafting and cross-linking fibers with chemical agents for durable-press fabrics. 

It is important to pay attention to the potential role of peroxides created on the surface of plasma-treated, including plasma polymer-coated, TPOs in the formation of durable bonds between the substrate and primer. It has been known for decades that the peroxides formed on the irradiated polymers (by y-ray. X-ray, electron beams, etc.) can be utilized in graft copolymerization of various monomers. This method is known as the peroxide method of radiation copolymerization [27]. The trunk polymer is first irradiated by ionizing radiation in a vacuum or in an inert gas environment. The irradiated polymer is exposed to air or oxygen to convert free radicals to peroxides. Thus created peroxides-containing polymers were used as the initiator of the free radical polymerization of the second monomer. The polymer peroxides are decomposed by heat or by the use of reduction/oxidation accelerator, i.e., peroxides are converted to free radicals. 

Modification of Textile Fibers. The reaction of hydrophobic chemicals with textile fibers offers the possibUity of permanent repeUency without alteration of the other physical properties of fibers. However, the disadvantages caused by complex processing, and resultant higher costs of carrying out chemical reactions on fiber in commercial textile plant operations, have limited the commercial appHcations. The etherification and esterification of ceUulose have been most effective in terms of achieving durable water repeUency (32,33). Radiation grafting of reactive repeUents onto fibers has been studied as a potential commercial process (34,35), as has modification by plasma polymerization of gas monomers or plasma initiated polymerization of Hquid monomers (36). 

Durable and regenerable antibacterial textiles were obtained by grafting a cyclic-amine monomer, 3-allyl-... 

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) modifiers are used in thermoplastic olefins for automotive bumpers and parts as well as scattered consumer durable products. Maleic anhydride-grafted EPDM reacts with the matrix resin, typically nylon, to become its own compatibilizer. This type of modifier provides for excellent balance in impact, hardness, modulus, and tensile strength, and it is the major additive component of super tough nylon. (See also ethylene propylene diene monomer.)... 

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