Duplex Converter Processing

Key words phosphorus partition ratio, duplex converter processing, sihcon, Basicity... 

Because the Si in hot metal is rapidly oxidized to Si02 at the early of time in duplex converter process, almost all SiOa get into primary slag based on the Si oxidation ability. Silicon did not be remained in hot metal at the final stage of reaction, therefore Si02 was added into initial slag. The composition of hot metal was presented in the table 1. 

Experimental Study of Phosphorus Distribution Between Slag and Metal During Duplex Dephosphorus Converter Processing... 

Duplex (1) An integrated steelmaking process in which iron is converted to steel in a Bessemer furnace with a basic lining, and the molten product is transferred to a basic lined arc furnace in which the remaining impurities are oxidized. Developed in Germany and widely used there and elsewhere around 1900. 

Outline the process for converting the information in mRNA into duplex DNA. Describe how this process can be extended to cloning the DNA. 

The acid pulping process uses sodium bisulfite or magnesium bisulfite in a pulp digester at a pH of 3. Type 316 stainless steel is normally used as a minimum alloy because the sulfur dioxide can be converted into sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid can corrode the stainless steel depending on the pH, temperatiire, and pressure of the system. SCC has been observed in the HAZ of weldments in the pulp digesters in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Because of SCC susceptibility of the austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steel 2205 is often used in pressure vessels and tanks. 

According to Bowsher (1987), the reaction between CsOH vapor and stainless steel surfaces is characterized by the formation of both water-soluble and insoluble cesium-based reaction products it proceeds via a fast physisorption process which is followed by a slower diffusion of cesium into the metal oxide. The cesium is predominantly associated with the inner chromite layer of the duplex oxide which covers the stainless steel surface the results of these studies imply that cesium is present as isolated cations in the chromia layer. Beard et al. (1989) reported that the water-soluble fraction of deposited CsOH is progressively converted upon heating to the insoluble form. At temperatures above 1150 K a significant vaporization of cesium took place, identified tentatively as cesium chromate vapor (Cs2Cr04) however, a substantial fraction was retained in the oxide layer on the metal surface and was not vaporized until the steel began to melt. 

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