Dumas, Baptiste Andre

Jean Baptiste-Andr Dumas, 1800-1884. Professor of chemistry at the Athenaeum and at the Sorbonne. He devised a method of determining vapor density, and developed the theory of types m organic chemistry, which he defended against Berzelius duahstic electrochemical theory. From a study of the aliphatic alcohols, Dumas and Pehgot developed the conception of homologous series, See also ref. (62). 

Alsobrook, Jane W, Jean-Baptiste-Andre Dumas, J. Chem. Educ., 28,... 

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the French silkworm industry was virtually in ruins. Silkworm disease spread to Italy, Spain, and Austria, and eventually to China and Japan. In 1865, Jean Baptiste Andr Dumas (1800—1884)—one of the world s preeminent chemists—requested and received authorization from the Minister of Agriculture to appoint a mission to studypibrine Dumas, who had been Pasteur s teacher and scientific mentor, asked his pupil to investigate the problem. Until that day, Pasteur had never seen a silkworm or a mulberry tree, the leaves of which served as food for the worms. As legend has it, Pasteur—who knew nothing about the subject and evidently wanted to demur—inquired Is there then a disease of silkworms To which, Dumas replied So much the better For ideas you will have only those which shall come to you as a result of your own observations ... 

Jean-Baptiste-Andre Dumas (1800-1884) was born in France. Apprenticed to an apothecary, he left to study chemistry in Switzerland. Fie became a professor of chemistry at the University of Paris and at the College de France. He was the first French chemist to teach laboratory courses. In 1848, he left science for a political career. He became a senator, master of the French mint, and mayor of Paris. 

Chloroform (KLOR-oh-form) is a clear, colorless, flammable, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor and a sweet taste. It was discovered almost simultaneously in 1831 by American chemist Samuel Guthrie (1782-1848), French chemist Eugene Soubeiran (1797-1858), and German chemist Justus von Liebig (1803-1873). The chemical structure of the compound was determined by French chemist Jean-Baptiste-Andre Dumas (1800-1884), who suggested its modern name of chloroform in 1834 or 1835. The compound s anesthetic effects on animals were first observed by French physiologist Marie Jean-Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) in 1847. 

The molecular formula for cinnamaldehyde was determined in 1834 by the French chemists Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (1800-1884) and Eugene Melchior Peligot (1811-1890), although its structural formula was deciphered only in 1866 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). 

This procedure was improved further by a German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803-73) who, by 1831, could obtain fairly reliable empirical formulas as a result. Soon afterward, in 1833, the French chemist Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (1800-84) devised a modification of the method, one which allowed the chemist to collect nitrogen also among the products of combustion. In this way one could determine the proportions of nitrogen in an organic substance. 

Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre (1800-84) French chemist, who became an apothecary in Geneva, where in 1818 he investigated the use of iodine to treat goitre. He then took up chemistry and moved to Paris. In 1826 he devised a method of measuring vapour density. He went on to discover various organic... 

Experiments inspired by Prout s hypothesis provided an increasingly accurate set of atomic weights, which could then be used to try to order the elements in the periodic system. Many of the pioneers of the periodic system, including Wolfgang Dobereiner, Leopold Gmelin, Max Pettenkofer,Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas,... 

Dumas, Jean-Baptiste Andre. 1828-1846. Traitd de chimie applique aux arts. 8 vols. Paris Bechet jeune. 

Dumas, Jean-Baptiste Andre and Polydore Boullay. 1827. Memoire sur la formation de Tether sulfurique. Armales de Chimie et de Physique 36 294—310. 

French chemists Jean-Baptiste-Andre Dumas and Eugene-... 

Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (1800 1884) was a teacher, chemist, and French public servant whose name is still associated with analytical methods for both the determination of nitrogen by combustion analysis and vapor density. 

The relation between density and molecnlar weight of a gas suggests that you could use a measurement of gas density to determine its molecular weight. In fact, gas-density (vapor-density) measurements provided one of the first methods of determining molecular weight. The method was worked out by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Andre Dumas in 1826. It can be applied to any substance that can be vaporized without decomposing. 

---