Dualistic

The dawn of the nineteenth century saw a drastic shift from the dominance of French chemistry to first English-, and, later, German-influenced chemistry. Lavoisier s dualistic views of chemical composition and his explanation of combustion and acidity were landmarks but hardly made chemistry an exact science. Chemistry remained in the nineteenth century basically qualitative in its nature. Despite the Newtonian dream of quantifying the forces of attraction between chemical substances and compiling a table of chemical affinity, no quantitative generalization emerged. It was Dalton s chemical atomic theory and the laws of chemical combination explained by it that made chemistry an exact science. 

Reding R, Davies HF. Revisiting liver transplant immunology from the concept of immune engagement to the dualistic pathway paradigm. Liver Transpl 2004 10 1081-1086. 

Davis, Tenney L. The dualistic cosmogony of Huai-Nan-Tzu and its relations to the background of Chinese and European alchemy. Isis 25, no. 2 (Sep 1936) 327-340. 

Runciman, Steven. The medieval Manichee a study of the Christian dualist heresy. Cambridge , 1947. 

Anderson (2007) reports encouraging results obtained with field crops in the semi-arid steppe of the USA through the adoption of no-till in a dualistic approach of prevention and control which permitted to reduce to about 50% the amount of herbicides. 

Anderson RL (2007) Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 27 13-18... 

The second objective is to bring the vital energy (prana) into the Shushumna channel. This usually only happens in sleep or as death approaches, which is why trance work plays a part in some esoteric practices and why the ancient manuals acquired such names as the Egyptian Book of the Dead and the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Only by esoteric practice can the vital energy be made to enter the Shushumna outside of sleep or death. When this happens, Kundalini is activated and rises. As it ascends, dualistic states of mind are annulled and realization is achieved. 

Murdoch, Jonathan. (1997). Inhuman/nonhuman/human actor-network theory and the prospects for a non-dualistic and symmetrical perspective on nature and society. Environment and Planning D Society and Space 15 137. 

In accordance with the dualistic views of earlier days, the composition of sulphuric acid was at one time expressed by the formula H20.S03, but to-day the formula SQ2(OH)2 is generally adopted, commonly with the assumption of sexavalent sulphur, so that the structural formula is... 

The structure of the lyotropically mesomorphous lattice is made up of multimolecular units called mesoaggregates. These are surrounded by an intervening liquid. Lyotropic mesomorphism is therefore closely related to the tendency of lipids to accumulate at interfaces. The surface activity is a consequence of the same dualistic polar/non-polar molecular structure that causes the formation of micelles in solutions of association colloids (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). 

In 1917 Einstein [18] wrote a paper on the dualistic nature of light in which he discusses emission without excitation from external causes, in other words stimulated emission and also spontaneous absorption and emission. He derives Planck s formula but also discusses the recoil of molecules when they emit photons. It is the latter discussion that Einstein regarded as the most significant aspect of the paper If a radiation bundle has the effect that a molecule struck by it absorbs or emits a quantity of energy hv in the form of radiation (ingoing radiation), then a momentum hvlc is always transferred to the molecule. For an absorption of energy, this takes place in the direction of propagation of the radiation bundle for an emission, in the opposite direction. ... 

However, the split between monistic and dualistic systems of belief often borders along the concept of supervenience (characterization of a relation that emergent properties bear to their base properties), see also Ref. [6] for a modern appraisal. To use philosophical relationship terminology if one states that biology (naturally) supervenes on physics, i.e., when physical (spatiotemporal) facts about the world determine biological facts, it is nevertheless called into question whether biology logically supervenes... 

Simple relationships between molecular topology and reactivity can also be derived from the Clar formulae [20] of benzenoid hydrocarbons. For example, in a series of isomeric hydrocarbons the system with the largest number of inherent 7t-sextets is always the least reactive one. Due to the correspondence between number of 7i-sextets in Clar formulae and number of 120° angles [21] in the dualist graphs [22] of benzenoid hydrocarbons a similar relation holds for the dualist graphs. 

Algorithms B and D enable the same to be done, in a more efficient way, for those benzenoid systems whose dualist graph is a tree (representing catacondensed benzenoid hydrocarbons). 

A catacondensed benzenoid system (CBS) is a BS in which no vertex belongs to more than two cells. Two cells of a BS are adjacent if they have an edge in common. The dualist graph D = D(B) of a benzenoid system B has as its vertices the centers of the cells of B where two vertices of D are connected by a straight line segment if and only if the corresponding cells are adjacent in B. 

Remark The graphical procedure can be simplified by drawing just the dualist graph instead of B (Fig. 21). 

Remark /. Algorithm D is particularly efficient if applied to a CBS whose dualist is a path (i.e., satisfying fi = 0) for such a system J7, the resulting determinant for Fn(X) and the linear systems to be solved for obtained the eigenspaces are of order 2 (see Example 2 below). 

Quantum mechanics began with a daring hypothesis by Louis de Broglie (he was a student at the time) if light has a dualistic wave/particle nature, why not matter His reasoning led to the prediction that a particle of mass m and velocity V would exhibit wavelike properties with wavelength... 

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