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Drugs, response adrenaline

Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, who develop cutaneous reactions in response to aspirin, display certain similarities in eicosanoid profile with AIA. The mechanism of the reactions is often related to COX-1 inhibition [18]. Therefore, aspirin and all drugs that inhibit COX-1 should be avoided in patients who already have had cutaneous reactions to NSAID. Coxibs are usually well tolerated, although occasional adverse reactions have been reported [19, 20]. For treatment of the reactions, antihistamines are usually sufficient, but in more severe cases adrenaline and corticosteroids may be warranted. [Pg.176]

If one set of these responses can be blocked (antagonised) by a drug that does not affect the other responses (e.g. propranolol blocks the increase in heart rate produced by adrenaline, but not the dilation of the pupil evoked by adrenaline) then this is good evidence that adrenoceptors in the pupil are not the same as those in the heart. [Pg.58]

FIGURE 1.23 Effect of a 10-min exposure to two concentrations of a phenoxybenzamine-like compound, dibenamine (DB), on the contractile response of a strip of rabbit aorta to adrenaline (epinephrine). (From Furchgott, R. F., Adv. Drug Res., 3, 21-55, 1966.)... [Pg.56]

Adrenergic drugs are natural or synthetic compounds that either partially or completely replicate the effects of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine, and which cause a biological response similar to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. They are also referred to as sympathomimeties beeause they mimic the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. [Pg.143]

Figure 5.2 A close-up of a human eye with a dilated pupil is shown in the photograph above. Dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) occurs in response to release of adrenaline in the body (the fight-or-flight response) or the use of drugs such as amphetamine or marijuana. Figure 5.2 A close-up of a human eye with a dilated pupil is shown in the photograph above. Dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) occurs in response to release of adrenaline in the body (the fight-or-flight response) or the use of drugs such as amphetamine or marijuana.
The peripheral receptors activated by noradrenaline fall into at least two classes, a-receptors and /3-receptors, which differ in their function and in their response to drugs. The a-receptors cause constriction of blood vessels and compounds used to block them include indoramin (216), prazosin (217) and phentolamine (218). Another imidazoline, tolazoline (2-benzyl-2-imidazoline), is a useful vasodilator but is unsuitable for the treatment of hypertension since it stimulates the heart. Other drugs described as peripheral vasodilators are diazoxide (219), which is related to the thiazide diuretics, hydralazine (220) which also depresses the CNS, hydracarbazine (221) and minoxidil (222). The /3-receptors control the action of adrenaline on the heart (among other effects) and the agents that block them are mostly nonheterocyclic aromatic compounds with aminoethanol or 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy side-chains. They have proved effective in the treatment of hypertension. One heterocyclic compound of this class, timolol (223), is in use. [Pg.176]

Dextroamphetamine stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. Neurotransmitters are the brain chemicals responsible for transporting electrical impulses from nerve cell to nerve cell. Dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with feelings of pleasure, triggers the euphoria that is related to dextroamphetamine use. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter thought to be responsible for the adrenaline-like effects of the drug. [Pg.141]

Now, noradrenaline acts m many of the same ways as adrenaline, the hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, also in response to emergencies. Experiences that cause the adrenals to secrete adrenaline into the bloodstream produce feelings very much like those of stimulant drugs. The rush of excitement one gets on a roller coaster ride, for example, may feel a lot like the effect of a dose of amphetamine, and no doubt both these techniques are popular for the same reason — because they give people a sense of increased mental and physical energy, and make them feel, temporarily at least, more alive. [Pg.37]

Law of Initiative Values. This law, which was first developed by Joseph Wilder, states that the magnitude of a response to an experimental stimulus is related to the prestimulus level. Wilder argued that this framework described the effects of activating drugs such as adrenalin on various autonomic variables. Higher initial levels were observed to be associated with smaller increases in the activating stimulus. [Pg.93]

Reserpine, Chlorpromazine and other Psycholeptic Drugs Reserpine depletes postganglionic sympathetic fibres of their noradrenaline and the peripheral sympathetic responses of animals which have been pretreated with reserpine are those which would be expected to follow loss of sympathetic transmitter . Thus, in adrenalectomized, reserpinized cats, stimulation of the splanchnic nerves does not produce the increase in blood pressure which is seen in non-reserpinized animals. Hexamethonium normally produces hypotension due to ganglionic blockade in the reserpinized animal it is without effect. Reserpine also causes a loss of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Since this adrenaline is liberated into the blood stream, it is not surprising that reserpine causes hyperglycaemia. [Pg.296]

Epinephrine or adrenaline (X) is one of the well-known drugs in medicine. Only recently it was discovered to contain 10-18% norepinephrine or arterenol (IX) when prepared from beef adrenal glands (47). Both epinephrine and norepinephrine exist in levorotatory form and are hormones of the body. When sympathetic nerves are electrically stimulated, epinephrine and norepinephrine are liberated producing the characteristic responses of the visceral organs (48). This accounts for the chemical transmission of nerve impulses, and the two bases serve as mediators. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are present in the venom of certain toads (49-52). [Pg.233]

Phosphodiesterase is activated in response to insulin action (which thus acts to terminate the actions of glucagon and adrenaline), and is inhibited by drugs such as caffeine and theophylline, which therefore potentiate hormone and neurotransmitter action. [Pg.297]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.126 ]




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