Drug metabolism acetaminophen

Hinson, J.A. Reid, A.B. McCullough, S.S. James, L.P. (2004). Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition. Drug Metabolism Reviews, Vol.36, No. 3-4, (January 2004), pp. 805-822, ISSN 0360-2532. 

Mitchell, J.R., follow, D.J., Potter, W.Z., Davis, D.C., Gillette, J.R. and Brodie, B.B. (1973a). Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 187, 185-194. 

Smolarek, T.A., Higgings, C.V and Amacher, D.E. (1990a). Metabolism and cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in hepatocyte cultures from rat, rabbit, dog and monkey. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 18 659-663. 

Damsten, M.C., Commandeur, J.N.M., Fidder, A., Hulst, A.G.,Touw, D., Noort, D. and Vermeulen, N.P.E. (2007) Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection of covalent binding of acetaminophen to human serum albumin. Drug Metabolism and Disposition The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 35 (8), 1408-1417. 

Galinsky, R.E., Kane, R.E., and Franklin, M.R., Effect of aging on drug-metabolizing enzymes important in acetaminophen elimination, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 237, 107, 1986. 

Miners JO, Attwood J, Birkett DJ. Determinants of acetaminophen metabolism effect of inducers and inhibitors of drug metabolism on acetaminophen s metabolic pathways. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984 35(4) 480-486. 

Cohen SD and Khairallah EA. Selective protein arylation and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Metabolism Review... 

Much of the evidence, however, is based on prolonged plasma half-lives of drugs that are metabolized totally or mainly by hepatic micrasomal enzymes (e.g antipyrine, phenobarbital, acetaminophen). In evaluating the effect of age on drug metabolism, one must differentiate between normal" loss of enzymatic activity with aging and the effect of a disea.sed iiver from hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc., plus decreased renal function, becau.se much of the water-soluble conjugation products are excreted in the liver. 

B. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 187, 185 (1973). 

Enomoto A, Itoh K, Nagayoshi E, Haruta J, Kimura T, et al. 2001. High sensitivity of Nr2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes. Toxicol. Sci. 59 169-77... 

Chen, C., Hennig, G.E., and Manautou, J.E. (2003) Hepatobiliary excretion of acetaminophen glutathione conjugate and its derivatives in transport-deficient (TR ) hyperbilirubinemic rats. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 31 (6), 798-804. 

Zamek-Gliszczynski, M.J., Hoffmaster, K.A.. Tian, X., Zhao, R., PoUi, J.W., Humphreys, J.E. et al. (2005) Multiple mechanisms are involved in the biliary excretion of acetaminophen sulfate in the rat role of Mrp2 and Bcrpl. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 33 (8), 1158-1165. 

Oral contraceptives have been shown to increase the clearance of acetaminophen because of higher glucuronidation activity in women taking oral contraceptives compared with controls. In contrast, less is known about the effect of changes in hormone status in men on drug metabolism. Oral anabolic steroids have been shown to reduce the half-life and increase the clearance of antipyrine in men... 

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