Drosophila spp

Populations of soil mites were reduced in the Chernobyl area, but no population showed a catastrophic drop in numbers. By 1987, soil microfauna — even in the most heavily contaminated plots — were comparable to controls. Flies (Drosophila spp.) from various distances from the accident site and bred in the laboratory had higher incidences of dominant lethal mutations (14.7%, estimated dose of 0.8 mGy/h) at sites nearest the accident than controls (4.3%). Fish populations seemed unaffected in July/August 1987, and no grossly deformed individuals were found. However, 34+ i 37( s levels were elevated in young fishes. The most heavily contaminated teleost in May 1987 was the carp (Carassius carassius). But carp showed no evidence of mutagenesis, as judged by incidence of chromosomal aberrations in cells from the corneal epithelium of carp as far as 60 km from Chernobyl (Sokolov et al. 1990). 

Pyridoxal oxidase Tryptophan side-chain oxy- Drosophila spp. Pseudomonas spp. 2 (4Fe2S2, 4FAD) Heme... 

In all the studies referred to, the presence of the insecticide is determined by chemical means. The major concern is the biological effect of the material on the ecosystem. In a classical study, Yule (19) determined DDT residues in forest soils and litter using GLC and TLC techniques. Bioassays using Drosophila spp insects were then done on these samples and the mortality equivalent in terms of ug of DDT was determined. The mortality equivalent level of DDT was 50 to 250 times lower than the chemical analysis level. Thus, although the insecticide may be present in the substrate for a period of time extending... 

Lehmann, F.-O., Dickinson, M. H. and Staunton, J. (2000). The scaling of carbon dioxide release and respiratory water loss in flying fruit flies (Drosophila spp.)../. Experim. Biol., 203,1613-1624. 

For fungi and some algae fresh field-collected specimens often are a source of insects and mites. Not only can these arthropods destroy specimens, but they can also destroy a culture collection by contamination as they move from one tightly sealed culture to the next. Mites also are suspected vectors in horizontal gene transfer between Drosophila spp.,25 and perhaps this form of contamination may be detected in fungi and algae one day. 

Since the genome of Drosophila spp. is completely known, taste in this insect has also been investigated by using flies with some genes - corresponding to the neurons... 

Concerning vinegar flies LeFevre says, Several species of light brown flies (Drosophila spp.) breed in the juices of decaying fruits... 

Nitldullds and Drosophila spp. are attracted to figs during the ripening phase in the orchard. Experiments (.9), have shown that re-hydrated dried figs allowed to ferment for ca. 3 days were the most attractive to these insects. Studies were carried out In the present work to identify the components present In the fermenting rehydrated fig and to test these components against Drosophila. The volatiles found in the fermented re-hydrated dry fig were similar to those found in other fermented products (cf. There was considerable variation with different fer-... 

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