DP model

In the synthesis of single-waUed nanotubes, on the other hand, it is not the vaporization of starting material, but the diffusion of carbon units through the catalyst that is found to be the rate-determining step. The formation of SWNT advances according to the so-called dissolution-precipitation model (DP-model) that postulates a sequence of three steps as discussed below ... 

DP, Model for Planar Geometries. Here, the formulation of a relatively simple model for plane parallel media is presented. This hybrid model was introduced and evaluated by Mengu and Iyer [55], It is a much better alternative to regular flux approximations or moment methods, and it is simpler to use than more accurate FN method or higher-order DO... 

If NUHH is diagonalized in either the X-space or the Y-space we obtain a spectrum which closely resembles the fiber spectrum own in Fig 1. This neglect of the Z-fflace yields the two dimensional DP model composed of intersecting, nonintnacting fibers postulated above. The full spectrum is shown in Figure 4. 

A second reason why distinguishing decision points is useful is that for many types of DP models it facilitates the computation of solutions. This seems to be the major reason why dynamic programming is used for deterministic decision problems. In this context, the time parameter in the model does not need to correspond to the notion of time in the application. The important feature is that a solution is decomposed into a sequence of distinct decisions. This facilitates computation of the solution if it is easier to compute the individual decisions and then put them together to form a solution than it is to compute a solution in a more direct way. 

The following are examples of ways in which the decision points can be determined in a DP model ... 

A well-formulated DP model specifies the way in which the decision points in time are determined. 

Most of the results presented in this article are for DP models where decisions are made at predetermined discrete points in time, denoted by r = 0, 1,. . . , T, where T denotes the length of the time horizon. DP models with infinite time horizons are also considered. DP models such as these are often called discrete-time DP models. 

Spectra and their representation by the DPS model for (a) sodium ferrate, (b) sodium ferrate decomposition products, and (c) the products of the reaction of Na202 and Fe203 at the molar ratio 100 1. 

KA Dill, S Bromberg, K Yue, KM Fiebig, DP Yee, PD Thomas, HS Chan. Principles of protein folding—A perspective from simple exact models. Protein Sci 4 561-602, 1995. 

According to Eq. (13.52), saturation charge is directly proportional to the square of the particle diameter and the external electric field. Particle charging depends also on the composition of the particle, which is taken into account by the relative dielectric constant e,. It is worth noticing that the field charging model should not be applied for small particles (dp < 0.5 pm). 

The traditional unipolar diffusion charging model is based on the kinetic theory of gases i.e., ions are assumed to behave as an ideal gas, the properties of which can described by the kinetic gas theory. According to this theory, the particle-charging rate is a function of the square of the particle size dp, particle charge numbers and mean thermal velocity of tons c,. The relationship between particle charge and time according White s... 

The cluster properties of the reactants in the MM model at criticality have been studied by Ziff and Fichthorn [89]. Evidence is given that the cluster size distribution is a hyperbolic function which decays with exponent r = 2.05 0.02 and that the fractal dimension (Z)p) of the clusters is Dp = 1.90 0.03. This figure is similar to that of random percolation clusters in two dimensions [37], However, clusters of the reactants appear to be more solid and with fewer holes (at least on the small-scale length of the simulations, L = 1024 sites). 

The DDT mechanism for this case Is similar but not identical to that of Case B. A convective flame front propagates ahead of the compressive waves which are necessary to form a precursor shock front. In modeling DDT the convective front (and its consequences) must be included because of its influence on dp/dt in the ignition region... 

Deque M, Rowell DP, Liithi D, Giorgi E, Christensen JH, Rockel B, Jacob D, Kjellstrom E, de Castro M, van den Hurk B (2007) An intercomparison of regional climate simulations for Europe assessing uncertainties in model projections. Clim Change 81 53-70 doi 10.1007/ S10584-006-9228-X... 

We know, as the measured values of dp and dN (from the DIFF in Section 2.4) imply, that isofractionation takes place within the organism. To include fractionation in the model, the fractionating steps must be made explicit. The simplest arrangement, consistent with observation, is as labeled in Fig. 11.2. That is, a fractionation of +2.5%o from the amino acid pool to collagen suf-... 

Comparison of the model-derived DIFF with the experimentally evaluated DIFF show that protein routing can be described in terms of the amount of protein synthesized from catabolic activity that is, in general it is around 20% of the mean carbon flux of the diet. A simple explanation why dp > dw is also proposed. 

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