Double-ChIP

For re-ChIP (or double ChIP), two sequential rounds of immunoprecipitations are performed using two different antibodies. Re-ChIP allows one to determine whether two antigens occur together on the same chromatin fragment or on different fragments and can be used to assemble proteins in complexes [23]. 

Gilbert, I. Schiffmann, S. Rubenwolf, S. Jensen, K. Mai, T. Albrecht, C. Lankenau, A. Beste, G. Blank, K. Gaub, H. E. Clausen-Schaumann, H., Double chip protein arrays using recombinant single-chain fv antibody fragments, Proteomics 2004, 4, 1417-1420... 

Figure 7.8 (a) Schematic apparatus for the formation of an OAV/O mnltiple emulsion by microchannel emulsification process, (b) Single-chip modnle (left) and double-chip module (right). W intermediate aqueous phase, O . internal oil phase, O-i- external oil phase. (Adapted from Okushima et al., 2004.)... 

An example of such an impact is the Wittig reaction. For the formation of double bonds from 2-nitrobenzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and methyl 4-formyl-benzoate, it was determined that the ratio of cis and trans products (Z/F ratio) can be changed by simply adjusting the voltages in an electroosmotic-flow driven chip... 

Fig. 9.12 Top view of folded path waveguide layouts using (a) a double spiral and (b) a grid configuration. Both images are taken using an InGaAs infra red camera while X 1550 nm light is coupled into the silicon waveguide chip...

For general garden use, a 1-2-in (2.5-5-cm) layer of chips over a weedproof geotextile membrane (see p.75) will suffice. For areas of heavy pedestrian or vehicular use, lay a foundation of crushed stone, 4 in (10 cm) deep for paths, and double that for driveways. Regular traffic can help prevent seedling weeds from establishing. To keep the gravel in place, use an... 

Wood chips are passed through a narrow gap of a double-disc steel refiner consisting of stationary and rotating plates having serrated surfaces. This process results in the mechanical separation of fibers that are subsequently frayed for bonding. The strength of the refiner pulp is better than that of ground-wood pulps. 

In a recent attempt to bring an engineering approach to multiaxial failure in solid propellants, Siron and Duerr (92) tested two composite double-base formulations under nine distinct states of stress. The tests included triaxial poker chip, biaxial strip, uniaxial extension, shear, diametral compression, uniaxial compression, and pressurized uniaxial extension at several temperatures and strain rates. The data were reduced in terms of an empirically defined constraint parameter which ranged from —1.0 (hydrostatic compression) to +1.0 (hydrostatic tension). The parameter () is defined in terms of principal stresses and indicates the tensile or compressive nature of the stress field at any point in a structure —i.e.,... 

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