Dorpat University

In 1840 Klaus became interested in platinum residues. The reader will recall that in 1828 Professor G. W. Osann of Dorpat University had announced the presence in these residues of three new metals, the... 

Wilhelm Ostwald was born to a German family in 1853 in Riga, Latvia, where he grew up and attended school. In 1872 he entered Dorpat University (now Tartu University in Estonia)... 

Dorpat University, per Messrs. Sotheran and Co., 140, Strand, W.C. Doubleday, H. Arthur, E., 14, Parliament-street, Westminster, S.W. Dresden Geographical Society. 

The further achievements of two Pohsh chemists are not without interest. In 1856 Jak6b Natanson (1832-1884), an assistant at Dorpat University (now Estonia), announced in Annalen der Chimie und Pharmacie the synthesis of a red substance. He had, however, no idea that this could be apphed as a dyestuff. ... 

Professor Meyer was born at Dorpat, Estonia, on September 29, 1883, the elder son of Hans Horst Meyer—who held the chair of experimental pharmacology at the University of Vienna and formulated the modern theory of narcosis known as the Overton-Meyer theory. Two years later, his father became professor at Marburg/Lahn, and it was in this city that Kurt H. Meyer had his early education. The scholarly atmosphere in which he matured, where chemistry and medicine were always very much in the foreground, was to influence him throughout his lifetime. From his father, he inherited his desire for scientific study and research, and from his mother, his taste for the fine arts. His younger brother became a famous heart-surgeon. 

Rudolf Buchheim (1820-1879) founded the first institute of pharmacology at the University of Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia) in 1847, ushering in pharmacology as an independent scientific discipline. In addition to a description of effects, he strove to explain the chemical properties of drugs. 

In 1828 Berzelius and G. W. Osann (25), professor of chemistiy at the University of Dorpat, examined the residues left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural mountains in aqua regia. Berzelius did not find in them any unusual metals except palladium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium, which had already been found by Wollaston and Tennant in similar residues from American platinum. Professor Osann, on the other hand, thought that he had found three new metals, which he named pluranium, ruthenium, and polinium (25, 36). In 1844, however, Professor Klaus, another Russian chemist showed that Osann s ruthenium oxide was very impure, but that it did contain a small amount of a new metal (26,33). 

Karl Karlovich Klaus, 1796-1864. Professor of pharmacy and chemistry at the Universities of Dorpat and Kazan. He was a great authority on the chemistry of the platinum metals. 

In 1815 he went back to Dorpat, passed the pharmacy examinations at the University, and returned to the St. Petersburg apothecary. His study of the natural sciences having awakened in him a desire to study Nature at first hand, he went to Saratov in 1817 as provisor of a pharmacy so that he might spend his leisure hours investigating the flora and fauna of die Volga steppes, or prairies, in eastern Russia. The results of this ten-year research were published in the Russian journals. 

In 1852 Klaus was invited to occupy the chair of pharmacy at the University of Dorpat and to take charge of the Pharmaceutic Institute, at that time the only institution of its kind in all Russia. He accepted the appointment, left his position at Kazan in charge of Butlerov, abandoned the long-cherished steppes of the Volga, and made the long trip hack to Estoma. 

Ostwald, Wilhelm. (1853-1932). A German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1909. He was considered to be a founder of modem physical chemistry. His work involved research in catalysis, the rates of chemical reactions, equilibrium, and conductivity of organic acids. He was an admirer of Mach and did not readily accept the atomic theory. He was educated at the University of Dorpat. 

H. Stillmark (1887) Uber Ricin, ein gifiges Ferment aus den Samen von Ricinus communis L. und anderen Euphorbiaceen, Inaug.-Dissert., University of Dorpat, Estonia. G.L. Nicolson and J. Blaustein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 266 (1972) 543. 

The beginnings of pharmacodynamics as a science is traceable to the efforts of Rudolf Buchheim (1820—1879), born in Saxony, the son of a physician. Four years after graduating in medicine, he was promoted to the rank of full professor at the (Baltic) University of Dorpat, where he established the World s first pharmacological laboratory and attracted many brilliant young men to work in it. In 1867, he transferred to a comparable position in Giessen (Germany), where he remained until his death from a stroke. 

Victor von Richter (Doblau, Curland, 3 April 1841 (O.S.)-Breslau, 8 October 1891) studied in Dorpat and was assistant and docent in the Technological Institute, and the University, St. Petersburg (1864-72 Dr. chem. 1872), professor in the Institute of Agronomy in Novo-Alexandria, Poland (1872), privatdocent (1875) and associate professor (1879) in Breslau. Most of his numerous publications deal with the aromatic series. He wrote textbooks of inorganic and organic chemistry which went through several editions and translations.2 Max M. Richter (b. 1861), professor in Karlsruhe, compiled a useful dictionary which served as an index to the earlier editions of Beil-stein s treatise. ... 

About 1895 Benjamin Moore, then an assistant professor of physiological chemistry at University College London, began to assemble data for his chapter on Chemistry of the Digestive Processes, to be published in 1898 in the first volume of E. A. Schafer s Text-book of Physiology To establish the composition of gastric juice, Moore quoted the data that Carl Schmidt had collected in Dorpat and had published in Bidder and Schmidt s Die Verdauungssaefte und der Stoffwechsel in 1852 (Table 1-1). ... 

In 1852 Klaus returned to Dorpat and a professorship in chemistry at the university there. He continued his platinum metal research until his death in 1864. 

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