Domain-boundary structures

Cakmak M. and Wang M.D., Structure development in the tubular blown film of PP/EPDM thermoplastic elastomer, Antec 89, 47th Annual Tech. Conference of SPE, New York, May 1, 1989, 1756. Hashimoto T., Todo A., Itoi H., and Kawai H. Domain boundary structure of styrene-isoprene block copolymer films cast from solution. 2. Quantitative estimation of the interfacial thickness of lamellar microphase systems. Macromolecules, 10, 377, 1977. 

Hashimoto T, Nagatoshi K (1974) Domain-boundary structure of styrene-isoprene block copolymer films cast from toluene solutions. Macromolecules 7 364-373... 

MWs were compared. Hence it was concluded that amount of in-plane n-stacking is not the primary cause of the dependence of mobility on MW. Instead, the domain boundary structure of the low-MW films or inherent effects of chain length play a key role in electronic properties causing the remaining mobility dependence. Other recent studies have also addressed the effect of P3HT molecular weight on FET carrier mobility [167, 168]... 

Hashimoto T, Fujimura M, Kawai H (1980) Domain-boundary structure of styrene-isoprene block co-polymer films cast from solutions. 5. Molecular-weight dependence of spherical microdomains. Macromolecules 13(6) 1660-1669 Herzog RO, Jancke W, Polanyi M (1920) Rontgenspektrographische Beobachtungen an Zellulose. II. Zeitschrift flir Physik 3(5) 343-348... 

In order to compare the domain-boundary structure defined here in terms of the sigmoidal function with those proposed by Meier and Helfand, let one further define the interfacial thickness At as follows ... 

Fig. 1. Comparison of three kinds of domain-boundary structures...

Figure 10.2 Adsorbed sulfur structures on Cu(lll). (a) Model of the (x/7 x x/7) R19° phase showing the Cu4S tetramers large grey circles are added coppers, smaller circles represent S. (b) Filtered 50 x 50 nm STM image of coexisting ( /l x y 7) R19° and complex structures, (c) 5 x 5nm STM image of domain boundary between the two phases. (Reproduced from Refs. 6 and 7).

Figure 10.4 STM images19 of the c(2 x 2)S phase on Cu(110). (a) Islands of c(2 x 2) already showing the discontinuities that characterise this structure, (b) Complete c(2 x 2) phase at a sulfur concentration of 4.4 x 1014cm 2. (c) Model structure for the c(2 x 2) phase showing domain boundaries.

Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials are only two examples of a wider group that contains domains built up from switchable units. Such solids, which are called ferroic materials, exhibit domain boundaries in the normal state. These include ferroelastic crystals whose domain structure can be switched by the application of mechanical stress. In all such materials, domain walls act as planar defects running throughout the solid. 

Sowdhamini et al., 1996 Taylor, 1999). These methods agree on the domain boundary definitions for the majority of known structures, but each method predicts some domains differendy from those defined by biologists (Jones et al., 1998). The definition of domains suggests that they should be discrete and therefore able to be expressed in isolation. This has been demonstrated for many domains however, in some cases, clearly accepted domains are not stable in isolation. 

Fig. 23. Significant coarsening of the domain structure did not occur, at least for the time scale investigated. Thus, charge-induced reconstruction in sulfuric acid results in a much smaller domain size than that associated with a freshly flame-annealed crystal. The domain boundaries act as preferred nucleation sites for subsequent (hex) (1 X 1) transformation, which occurs much more rapidly than for a freshly flame-annealed sample. Studies of this nature have provided keen insight into aging effects that would be difficult to assess by other means.

For example a piece of triangular superlattice with k = 4 (the kagome structure [279]) is shown in Fig. 36 together with a piece of rectangular lattice with the domain boundaries marked (note that these two lattices have the unit cells shown in Fig. 32). For other values of x < 1/3, the B atoms form a triangular... 

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