DNA chip technologies

PI. polymorpha [80] is generally referred to as safe and was widely used for pharma-protein production (cytokines, vaccines, coagulation factors) [80]. The genome sequence is known and DNA chip technologies have been established. Hansenula was developed to an expression platform which was implemented for the production of recombinant vaccines. 

Wang Y et al. Identification of the genes responsive to etoposide-induced apoptosis application of DNA chip technology. FEBS Lett 1999 445 269-273. 

Wilgenbus, K. and Lichter, P. 1999. DNA chip technology ante portas. Journal of Molecular Medicine 77(11), 761-768. 

Panda S, Sato TK, Hampton GM (2003) An arrays of insights application of DNA chip technology in the study of cell biology. Trends Cell Biol 13(3) 151—156... 

DNA chip technology is based on the hybridization of DNA probe sequences. For a proper hybridization, the probes have to be immobilized selectively on a modified 5 -end or 3 -cnd and in high yields. Since probes will be immobilized in large excess relative to the labeled targets, the kinetics of hy-... 

The performance of protein or antibody microarrays is dependent on various factors. One of these is the use of an appropriate microarray surface for the immobilization of the protein or antibody samples. Most conventional microarray surfaces have been adapted from DNA chip technology. DNA can easily be immobilized by electrostatic interactions of the phosphate backbone onto a positively charged surface. In contrast to DNA, as already mentioned, proteins are chemically and structurally much more complex and show variable charges, which may influence the efficiency of protein attachment. Additionally, proteins lose their structure and biochemical activity easily. For example, globular proteins consist of a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior. When immobilized on a hydrophobic surface, the inside of the protein turns out, which may destabilize the structure and, simultaneously, the activity of the protein. These considerations demonstrate the complex requirements for protein immobilization. 

Tanaka T, Hatakeyama K, Sawaguchi M et al (2006) OUgonucleotide-arrayed TFT photosensor applicable for DNA chip technology. Biotechnol Bioeng 95 22-28... 

Today, new experimental methods of molecular biology, the first versions of which have been developed just a few years ago, afford us with a fundamentally new way - the first systematic way - of looking for protein targets. We exemplify this progress at a specific DNA chip technology [2]. However, the general picture extends to many other experimental methods under development. 

Kara R, Ozkan D., Erdem A., Kerman K., Pehlivan S., Ozkinay F., Unuvar D., Itirli G., and Ozsoz M., Detection of achondroplasia G380R mutation from PCR amplicons by using inosine modified carbon electrodes based on electrochemical DNA chip technology, Clin. Chim. Acta., 336(1-2), 57-64, 2003. 

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