Diverse Orders of Plant Materials

Supply chain planning at the operational level is, in essence, supply scheduling that occurs on a facUity-by-facihty basis. As such, separate but coordinated schedules are generated for plants, warehouses, distribution centers, and vehicle systems. Planning at this level differs from tactical and strategic levels in that demand actually exists—that is, orders have been placed. These orders need to be scheduled based on the immediate state of resources (i.e., materials, equipment, and labor). The diverse nature of facilities means that the specifics of optimization vary widely at this level, but the objective typically is to maximize throughput in a given facility. 

Analytical methods of atomic spectroscopy have been used in forestry and wood product research since their earliest development. Nowadays, almost all of the spectroscopic techniques available are employed in the analysis of metals and trace elements in diverse samples of industrial and environmental origin. The techniques that find most regular application include flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and, occasionally, also direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP-AES). In many applications F-AAS is a sufficiently sensitive and precise technique however, in the analysis of some environmental samples for trace elements (forest soils, plant material and water) where concentrations may be very low (of the order of 100 ng mL" ) the greater sensitivity of GF-AAS and ICP/DCP-AES is required. In considering the applications of atomic spectroscopy to forestry and... 

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