Diuretics chemical properties

Diuretics This indicates the unique property of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons to release mediators (neuropeptides and others) from both peripheral and central nervous system terminals upon adequate stimulation. Capsaicin and other chemical (protons) or physical (heat) stimuli release mediators from both peripheral and... 

Stevia Stevia rebaudiana) Uses Natural sweetener, hypoglycemic and hypotensive properties Actions Multiple chemical components sweetness d/t glycoside, stevioside hypotensive effect may be d/t diuretic action or vasodilation action Available forms Liq extract, powder, caps Notes/SE HA, dizziness, bloating Interactions T Hypotensive effects W/ antihypertensives esp CCB, diuretics EMS Monitor BP does not encourage dental caries may -1-glucose St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Uses Mild-mod depression, anxiety, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulant/anti-HIV/antiviral, gastritis, insomnia, vitiligo Action MAOI in vitro, not in vivo bacteriostatic bactericidal, T capillary blood flow, uterotonic activity in animals Efficacy Variable benefit w/ mild-mod depression in several trials, but not always seen in clinical practice Available forms Teas, tabs, caps, tine, oil ext for topical use Dose 2-4 g of herb or 0.2-1 mg of total hypericin (standardized extract) daily Notes/SE Photosensitivity (use sunscreen) rash, dizziness, dry mouth, GI distress Interactions Enhance MAOI activity, EtOH, narcotics, sympathomimetics EMS T Risk of photosensitivity Rxns t effects of opioids and sympathomimetics... 

Schafer JA, Troutman SL, Andreoli TE (1974) Volume reabsorption, transepithelial potential differences, and ionic permeability properties in mammalian superficial proximal straight tubules. J Gen Physiol 64 582-607 Schlatter E, Greger R, Weidtke C (1983) Effect of high ceiling diuretics on active salt transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle s loop of rabbit kidney. Correlation of chemical structure and inhibitory potency. Pfltigers Arch 396 210-217... 

The chromatographic retention of diuretics decreased as the concentration of SDS in mobile phase increased, which made retention times closer to each other. Among the micellar mobile phases, 0.03 M SDS gave the best correlations between retention factors and site of action. It is interesting to note that the correlations hold in spite of the largely diverse chemical structures of diuretics. The order of retention attained with other mobile phases in conventional RPLC systems was checked to be completely different from that of MLC, and a correlation with regard to physiological properties could not be drawn. 

The introduction of mercurochrome in 1919 was a consequence of the search for improved mercurials, initiated after Koch s observation of the activity of mercuric chloride in anthrax infections. The promise of mercuric chloride at that time may be gauged by the fact that it was the most active of almost 70 chemicals tested by Koch. Many other organomercurials were introduced around the same time, and Figure 9.1 shows representative structures. The fortuitous observation of the diuretic effects on syphilitic patients treated with organomercurials also stems from this time (see Chapter 12). The status of the antiseptic properties of... 

Werner, L.H., Halamandaris, A., Ricca, S., et al. (1960) Dihydroben-zothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides and their diuretic properties. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 82,1161-1166. 

---