Diterpenes alcohol

C2oH4qO- a diterpenic alcohol obtained by the action of alkalis on chlorophyll. Colourless oil b.p. 202-204 C/lOmm. On oxidation it yields a ketone CigHsoO b.p. 175 "C/l I mm. phytoxic Poisonous to plants. 

Chemistry of rosin. All three types of rosin consist primarily of C20 mono-carboxylic diterpene resin acids, the most common of which have the molecular formula C20H20O2. In addition, rosins contain small amounts of neutral and other acidic components (e.g. fatty acids in tall oil rosin). The neutral components of rosins are diterpene alcohols, hydrocarbons and aldehydes, and their contents generally vary between 5 and 15 wt%. 

Arabica/Robusta beans used in different countries ranges from 1.5 1 in Italy, 4 1 to 3 1 in the U.S., and 20 1 in Sweden and Norway.2 As described in Chapter 6, coffee contains a number of physiologically active components, including caffeine, diterpene alcohols, sterols, hydrocarbons, squalene, and others. 

In particular, substrates like terpene alcohols are often used with Candida rugosa with very high enantiomeric excesses and at high yields. Lee et al. could increase significantly the maximum reaction velocity of this lipase in AOT-based reverse micelles and obtained conversions up to 70% during the esterification of diterpenes alcohols (geraniol, menthol, citronellol) [130]. 

Phytol, a diterpene alcohol (3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-l-ol), occurs in two isomeric forms fraus-phytol 110 and czs-phytol 111 (Structure 4.33). Phytol was first isolated at the beginning of the nineteenth century during esterification of the chlorophyll molecule. It is a constituent of nettle and many essential oils. Another acyclic diterpene, geranylcitronellol 112, also occurs in essential oils. 

Two important diterpene alcohols are vitamin A (Section 28-7) and phytol, which occurs as an ester of the propanoic acid side-chain of chlorophyll (Figure 20-6) ... 

C16H28O, Mr 236.40, nip 75-76 °C, is a crystalline autoxidation product of ambrein (see Ambergris, p. 184) with a typical ambergris odor. It is prepared from (-)-sclar-eol, a diterpene alcohol obtained from extraction of clary sage plants (see Sage Oils,... 

The natural product (-P)-agelasine D 73 has been synthesized for the first time from adenine derivative 71. The terpenoid moiety was readily available from the diterpene alcohol (-i-)-manool 69<04TL4233>. 

Plaunotol, (2, E, El-2-(4,8-Dimerhyl-3,7-nonadte-nyl)-6-methyi-2,6-octadiene-l,8-diol (E.Z.EJ-7-hydroxymethyl-3, 11,15-trimethyl-2,6,10.14-hexadecatetraen-l -ol CS-684 Kelnac. Cj H O,. mol wt 306 49. C 78.38%, H 11.18%, O 10.44%. Acyclic diterpene alcohol isolated from a Thai medicinal plant identified as Croton sublyratus Kurz, Euphorbiaceae. Isoln, synthesis and anti-ulcer activity H. Mishima et at., Japan. Kokai 77 62,213 eidem, U.S, pat. 4,059,641 (both 1977 to Senkyo) A. Ogiso et aL, Chent... 

In addition to crinitol, two structurally related minor acyclic diterpene alcohols, geranylgeraniol (3) and phytol, were also isolated from the active fraction in S. tortile, although neither of them exhibited any activity up to 800 / g/ml as listed in Table 1. In addition, several derivatives of crinitol as well as its two common natural congeners, famesol... 

From the economic and pharmaceutical point of view the main components of S. sclarea are the essential oil and a diterpene alcohol named sclareol. The former was first produced by Schimmel [17] and is usually obtained by steam distillation of fresh plant material. The latter is usually obtained by counter current extraction of spent steamed plant material using hexane as the solvent. After concentration by solvent evaporation a partial concrete is obtained and sclareol is selectively removed by a second counter current extraction with a polar solvent. In the USA, most of the S. sclarea is grown for the production of this non -volatile compo-... 

Sims, J.J., Lin, G.H.Y., Wing, R.M. and Fenical, W., 1973. Marine natural products. Concinndiol, a bromo-diterpene alcohol from the red alga Laurencia concinna. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Common., 1973 470—471. 

Oxetanes rarely occur in nature. The diterpene alcohol taxol (paclitaxel ) was isolated in 1971 from the bark of the pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) native to the northwest USA, and its structure elucidated. The compound, which is now marketed, contains an oxetane ring and displays a strong antitumour and antileukaemia activity. Its total synthesis has been achieved [5]. 

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