Distance, generalized

One of the limitations of the curtain/slot draw process is that the amount of fiber attenuation is constrained due to the short distance generally allowed between the spinnerette and the venturi slot and the use of relatively low pressure air for drawing so as not to induce high turbulence in the area of the laydown. In practical terms this has made the process difficult to adapt for the production of polyester fabrics which inherently require much higher fiber acceleration to attain the desired polyester fiber properties. 

More recently, the National Institutes of Health have been emphasizing hearts and assist devices capable of mechanical or electrical operation. Most of these devices have a pusher plate that moves back and forth to displace the diaphragm a fixed (but adjustable) distance, generally independent of the pressure of each stroke. The fatigue test which most closely mimics this condition will deform the test specimens to a fixed deformation or strain in each cycle. This is the type of fatigue test machine that MRC has constructed for this program. 

A third type of information available from NMR comes from the nuclear Overhauser enhancement or NOE. This is a direct through-space interaction of two nuclei. Irradiation of one nucleus with a weak radio frequency signal at its resonant frequency will equalize the populations in its two energy levels. This perturbation of population levels disturbs the populations of nearby nuclei so as to enhance the intensity of absorbance at the resonant frequency of the nearby nuclei. This effect depends only on the distance between the two nuclei, even if they are far apart in the bonding network, and varies in intensity as the inverse sixth power of the distance. Generally the NOE can only be detected between protons (XH nuclei) that are separated by 5 A or less in distance. These measured distances are used to determine accurate three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids. 

Tellnrinm imides comprise another class of tel-Inrinm-nitrogen componnds of recent interest. 347 p>iorgan-otellnrinm imides RR TeNR" can formally be considered to contain a Te=N donble bond, bnt the Te-N distance generally falls between the single and donble bond lengths. 

Cholesteric mesophases in general resemble the nematic mesophase when observed by both small-angle X-ray diffraction, SAXD, and WAXD. The smectic mesophase, in contrast, produces both diffuse rings at 4--5 A and sharp rings at a distance generally, but not necessarily, equal to the repeat length of the monomer unit, between 15 and 50 A. 

Based on different powers of the topological distance, generalized expanded Wiener numbers IV", also called Tratch-Stankevitch-Zefirov-type indices, were proposed as [Klein and Gutman, 1999] ... 

The main way that SARS seems to spread is by close person-to-person contact. The virus that causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance (generally up to three feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a... 

One of the principal criteria for the recognition of the hydrogen bond in the solid state has been one of geometry, in particular the X... A and H. .. A distances. These distances generally fall within a fairly well-defined range for the commonly occurring X, A combinations as reviewed by Jeffrey and Saenger [10] and listed in Table 11.2. 

Layered dichalcogenides are typically two-dimensional compounds. Their structure is built up with [XMX] slabs (X = S, Se, Te) structural units. Within these units are strong ionocovalent or metallic bonds, whereas they are separated by rather large distances (generally of the order of the radii of closest approach) in agreement with weak interslab bondings. 

Nuclear distances (generally in excited state) valence angle, deformability, isotopes... 

In Fig. 21.18, the measuring procedure is displayed. In the performed measurements, spray drop size distributions were measured with a laser diffraction spectroscope all over the spray cone in specified distances. Generally, the selection of... 

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