Dissolved alkalinity

Dissolve alkaline phosphatase at a concentration of lOmg/ml in 0.1M sodium bicarbonate, 3M NaCl, pH 8.5. Dialyze against this solution if the enzyme is already dissolved in another buffer. This protocol requires at least 0.4 ml of the enzyme solution. 

The absorption of sulfur dioxide into flue gas scrubbing slurries is enhanced considerably because of the reactions of dissolved sulfur dioxide with various dissolved alkaline species. The alkaline species of interest are the following ions and ion-pairs OH-, SO", HCO-, CO--, MgS0°, MgC0°,... 

At the end of the search, the dissolved alkalinity is calculated by summing the appropriate molalities. 

The computed results are listed in Table A. Inspection of this table shows that dissolved alkalinity increases with increasing concentration of dissolved magnesium and decreases with increasing concentration of chloride. 

Beryllium halides have been found to form complexes with several aldehydes, ketones and esters.74 Antipyrine, which acts as a monodentate carbonyl ligand, dissolves alkaline earth metal salts to give solid products of the type MX2-6ap (M24 = Mg, Ca, Sr X = C102 M24 = Mg, Ca X = BFT). The X-ray structure of Mg(C104)2-6ap confirms the monodentation and shows the magnesium to be octahedrally coordinated. 

Some waters may naturally be acid due to lean nature (almost no dissolved alkaline solids) and presence of biological breakdown products (humic and fulvic acids, etc.) or free CO2. Measured by titration with caustic solution to pH 4.2 (methyl orange). 

Rapid increases in the interstitial water concentrations of dissolved strontium with increasing burial depth of deep-sea carbonate sediments have been interpreted as evidence of the recrystallization reaction (Baker et al., 1982 Elderfield et al., 1982 Gieskes, 1983). Figure 8.17 shows an example of interstitial-water profiles of dissolved alkaline-earth species from a carbonate nanno-fossil ooze from the Ontong Java Plateau (DSDP site 288 5°58 S, 161°50 E). At this site calcium and magnesium concentrations are linearly correlated, and their gradients are governed by chemical reactions deep in the sediment column. 

In this process, represented by equations 1-8 in Scheme 1, a substitution is achieved with radicals and radical anions as intermediates. According to this mechanistic proposal the radical anion of the substrate is formed in the initiation step (equation 1) by an electron transfer (ET) from a suitable electron source such as solvated electrons from dissolved alkaline metals, sodium amalgam, reducing agents such as Fe+2, Sml2, electrons from a cathode or by a negatively charged species (nucleophile) under thermal, sonication or photochemical stimulation. 

Sa.tura.tion Index. Materials of constmction used in pools are subject to the corrosive effects of water, eg, iron and copper equipment can corrode whereas concrete and plaster can undeigo dissolution, ie, etching. The corrosion rate of metallic surfaces has been shown to be a function of the concentrations of Cl ,, dissolved alkalinity, and Ca hardness as well as buffer intensity, time, and the calcium carbonate saturation index (35). 

Lime/limestone slurry scrubbing is the dominant commercial technology for flue gas desulfurization 0.). SO2 is absorbed at 50-55°C and pH 5.5-6.0 in an aqueous slurry of excess CaC03 and product solids. The CaS03/CaS04 product is disposed of as solid waste. With greater than 500-1000 ppm SO2 in the flue gas, SO2 absorption is controlled by liquid-film mass transfer resistance because of the limited solubility of SO2 gas and alkaline solids. Additives that buffer between pH 3 and pH 5.5 enhance S02 absorption by providing dissolved alkaline species for reaction with SO2 (8). 

Beyond wave-length 5450 the coeff. becomes practically zero in very dil. soln., the coeff. for wave-length 5180 is about 0-000013. The values are the same for the acid as for the salts, for solid potassium dichromate as for its soln., for the ammonium salt as for the potassium salt, and it follows that the absorption exerted by sohd or dissolved alkaline dichromates is sensibly identical with that of the chromic acid which they contain. With soln. of potassium chromate, the absorption is in the blue and the violet, and with dilution, the absorption extends more in the direction of the red. Thus, 0. Knoblauch found that in cone, soln., the absorption begins at 4900, and in dil. soln., at 5100. W. Bohlendorff obtained similar results while J. M. Hiebendaal observed that the absorption begins at 5050, and in dil. soln. at 4770. K. Vierordt, P. Pogany, F. Griinbaum, A. Hantzsoh, P. Bovis,... 

The dissolved alkaline silicate ingredients were commercial products from PQ Corporation. The solid Na2Si03 x 9H2O and Na4Si04 samples were pttrchased from Sigma and AlfaAesar, respectively. Forsterite (San Carlos, Arizona) was obtained from Ward s Nat. Sci. Establishment, Inc., TEOS from Silborr, and TMA-OH from SAChem. 

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