Disintegration in Water

For certain applications of biopolymers (e.g., feminine hygiene care), disintegration in water is also an important factor. This mainly has to be understood as dispersion or dissolution for, e.g., flushable products. Test procedures have been proposed in EN 14987 - Plastics - Evaluation of disposability in wastewater treatment plants -Test scheme for final acceptance and specifications. 

In addition, ASTM D7081-05 includes a chapter on disintegration under marine conditions. After 3 months of exposure in an ASTM D6691 test, the disintegration is evaluated after sieving over 2 mm and calculating a mass balance. 

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Absorption - Delavirdine is rapidly absorbed following oral administration with peak plasma concentrations occurring at approximately 1 hour. The single-dose bioavailability of delavirdine tablets was increased by approximately 20% when a slurry of drug was prepared by allowing the tablets to disintegrate in water before administration. 

Not less than 98% of the water-dispersible tablet shall pass through a 75-pm sieve after disintegration in water when tested by CIPAC method MT 59.3 (2). 

One entire water-dispersible tablet is added to a defined volume of water and mixed by stirring to form a suspension. After standing for a determined period of time the suspension is passed through a 2000- xm sieve. The ease with which the water-dispersible tablet is disintegrated in water is determined by the absence of residue left on the sieve. 

Water attacks massive uranium slowly at room temperature and rapidly at higher temperatures. UO2 and UH3 are formed, heat is evolved, and the metal swells and disintegrates. In waterreactors uranium metal must be clad or canned in nonreacting metals such as aluminum, stainless steel, or zirconium. Nitric acid dissolves uranium readily. 

Although this test gives much higher values for disintegration in water, water has continued to be the medium most widely used in studies of this type. The caveat here, though, is that results must be considered as preliminary only [41]. A clear concept of... 

More recently, individual chitin nano-whiskers have been prepared from partially deacetylated a-chitin by fibril surface cationization. When CWs with degrees of N-acetylation (DNAc) 0.74—0.70 were mechanically disintegrated in water at pH 3, individualized nano-whiskers with average width and length of 6.2 1.1 and 250 140 nm respectively, were successfully prepared, as reported by Fan et al. [52] the driving force for individualization of CWs is the same as that in... 

EarthSheU Corp. uses a combination of starch and limestone to make packaging products that are biodegradable and compostable. Products manufactured include cups, plates, bowls, sandwich wraps, and hinged-Ud containers. The company s foam laminate is produced by mixing the starch and limestone with water and fiber and placing it in a heated mold. Vaporization of the water foams, forms, and sets the product. The material physically disintegrates in water when it is crushed or broken. ... 

Most types of tablets should disintegrate in water within a certain time limit (see Sect. 32.9). Disintegration of tablets is a prerequisite, but not a guarantee for a good bioavailability, for which a good dissolution rate is essential as well. 

Ph. Eur. 2.9.1 Disintegration of tablets and capsules describes the equipment and the method of analysis. The disintegration medium that has to be used as well as the quality requirements are specific for the dosage form and can be fotmd in the appropriate monographs. The requirement for solid capsules is for example disintegration in water within 30 min. 

Adhesive bonds to latex adhesives can thus be self-destructive in water, and this is much the case with adhesive e in Fig. 18, which is always unstable in water. The thermodynamic prediction was confirmed by experiments in which bonds with this adhesive rapidly disintegrated in water. 

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