Disintegration agents

Abbau-mittel, n. decomposing or disintegrating agent, -produkt, n. decomposition product, degradation product, -stufe, /. step or stage in decomposition or degradation. 

Starch is often cited as a filler, but it is more commonly used in its dry state as a disintegrating agent. However, modified starches such as StaRx 1500 and National 1551 (partially hydrolyzed, or pregelatinized starch) are marketed for direct compression and appear to offer the advantage of substantial mechanical strength and rapid drug release. 

In many instances, lower concentrations of gas-producing disintegrants can be used than are required by other disintegrating agents. This is a distinct point in their favor. Certain peroxides that release oxygen have been used for this purpose, but they do not perform as well as those releasing carbon dioxide. 

Shotton, E., and Leonard, G.S., Effect of intragranular and extragranular disintegrating agents on particle size of disintegrated tablets, J. Pharm. Sci., 65 1170-1174 (1976). 

Botzolakis, J.E., and Augsburger, L.L., Disintegrating agents in hard gelatin eapsules. Part I ... 

Methods of condensation in which protective colloids are employed, thus effecting condensation in the presence of a disintegrating agent, are largely employed for the preparation of stable suspensions, thus the precipitation of gold, platinum and palladium in thepresence of gum arabic or the protalbic and lysalbic acids of Paal by means of reducing agents such as hydroxylamine, hydrazine, or formaldehyde readily results in the formation of remarkably stable suspensions. 

Crospovidone, which is slightly cross-linked with bifunctional monomers (e.g., l-vinyl-3-ethylidenepyrrolidone, ethylene-bis-3-(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone), is obtained by popcorn polymerization. It has been used as a disintegration agent for tablets. 

A comparative study of chitin obtained from lobsters, starch, and carboxymethyl chitosan as disintegrating agents was conducted. The influence of the method in the preparation of tablets on the disintegrating activity of both polymers was evaluated. Chitin proved to have good characteristics as a disintegrating agent independently... 

Probably the second most commonly used diluent in the wet granulation process is dibasic calcium phosphate. This substance is virtually insoluble in water and hence is always used in conjunction with a disintegrating agent. Its properties have been reviewed by Carstensen and Ertell. ... 

Starch Also acts as disintegrating agent, may give soft tablets... 

Starch, pregelatinized Also acts as disintegrating agent. (Lycatab , Pharma-Gel , Pre-Jel , Sepistab , Starch 1500 , Starx 1500 )... 

---