Discriminator fluorescence spectrometry

Current IPC detectors are on-stream monitors. HPLC detectors range from (1) non selective or universal (bulk property detectors such as the refractive index (RI) detector), characterized by limited sensitivity, (2) selective (discriminating solute property detectors such as UV-Vis detectors) to (3) specific (specific solute property detectors such as fluorescence detectors). Traditional detection techniques are based on analyte architecture that gives rise to high absorbance, fluorescence, or electrochemical activity. Mass spectrometry (MS) and evaporative light scattering detectors (ELSDs), can be considered universal types in their own right... 

Section I covers the more conventional equipment available for analytical scientists. I have used a unified means of illustrating the composition of instruments over the five chapters in this section. This system describes each piece of equipment in terms of five modules - source, sample, discriminator, detector and output device. I believe this system allows for easily comparing and contrasting of instruments across the various categories, as opposed to other texts where different instrument types are represented by different schematic styles. Chapter 2 in this section describes the spectroscopic techniques of visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, near infrared, mid-infrared and Raman spectrometry, fluorescence and phosphorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and, finally, a section on atomic spectrometric techniques. I have used the aspirin molecule as an example all the way through this section so that the spectral data obtained from each... 

Time-resobed resonance Raman spectrometry is a technique that allows collection of Raman spectra of excited state molecules. It has heen used lo study in-lermediaies in enzyme reactions, the spectra of carotenoid excited slates, ultrafasi electron transfer steps, and a variety of olher biological and bioinoiganic processes, I inie discrimination methods have been used to overcome a major limitation of resonance Raman spectroscope, namelv. fluorescence interference either by the analyte itself or by other species present in the sample. 

Current methods combine at least one of four different principles of allelic discrimination (hybridization, primer extension, ligation, or restriction) with one of four different detection techniques (chemiluminescence/ fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, resonance energy transfer, and mass spectrometry). Assay formats range from (slab)- gel electrophoresis, plates, particles, fibre arrays, and microchip arrays to semi- and homogenous assays that do not require any further sample separation or purification. 

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