Discourse

The central concept of fuzzy set theory is that the membership function /i, like probability theory, can have a value of between 0 and 1. In Figure 10.3, the membership function /i has a linear relationship with the x-axis, called the universe of discourse U. This produces a triangular shaped fuzzy set. 

Let the fuzzy set medium temperature be called fuzzy set M. If an element u of the universe of discourse U lies within fuzzy set M, it will have a value of between 0 and 1. This is expressed mathematically as... 

When the universe of discourse is discrete and finite, fuzzy set M may be expressed as... 

An important aspect of fuzzy logic is the ability to relate sets with different universes of discourse. Consider the relationship... 

Figure 10.9 assumes that the output window contains seven fuzzy sets with the same linguistic labels as the input fuzzy sets. If the universe of discourse for the control signal u(t) is 9, then the output window is as shown in Figure 10.10. 

Figure 10.38 shows an input window with three triangular fuzzy sets NB, Z and PB. Each set is positioned in its regime of operation by the centre parameter c so that, for example, NB can only operate on the negative side of the universe of discourse. The width of each set is controlled by parameter ri . 

This creates a far more compelling argument than a detailed process description or a theoretical discourse on why accidents happen— both of which may be interesting in themselves, but neither of which appeals directly to the listener s concerns. 

Abhandlung, /. treatise, paper, article, dissertation, discourse transaction. 

Rede,/, speech, language, talk, discourse rumor account. 

Vorlesimg,/. lecture, discourse reading. Vorlesimgstisch, m. lecture table, vorletzt, a. next to last, penultimate. 

Vor-tiegel, m. Lead) outer basin, lead pot Tin) forehearth, -trag, m. discourse, lec ... 

Table 1.2 Aspects of dioxygen gas at the molar, molecular and electrical (intramolecular) levels of discourse. Taken from Jensen (1998b). (Jensen s use of the term molar level eorresponds with the more common macroscopic level.)...

Lemke, J. (1998). Multiplying meanings Visual and verbal semiotics in scientific text. In J. R. Martin R. Veel (Eds.), Reading science Critical andfunctionalperspectives on discourse of science (pp. 87-113). London Routledge. 

Kelly, G. J. (2007). Discourse in science classrooms. In S.K. Abell N. G. Ledermann (Eds.), Handbook of research on science education (pp. 443 69). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Klaassen, C. W. J. M., Lijnse, P. L. (1996). Interpreting students and teachers discourse in science classes An underestimated problem Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33, 115-134. 

Fludd always organised his theoretical discourse into two distinctive types of knowledge, that of lower mechanical and that of divine theosophical. The hrst part of the Macrocosm, accordingly, was devoted to divine science, while the second part, the Naturae Simla ( the ape of Nature ) dealt with practical skills of every kind. In this division of knowledge, he was following Dee s system of classihcation and both Hermeticists were basing themselves on the Platonic distinction between conceptual knowledge and the mechanical crafts. 

Musaeum Hermeticum reformatum et amplificatum (Frankfurt, 1678), 203-304. See also FI. Kopp, Die alchemie in altere und neuer eit (Heidelberg, 1886), vol. 1, 254 examining the Renaissance alchemical treatise, Der Wasserstein der Weysen in its discourse the philosopher s stone as a parallel of Christ. See also Hartlaub, Signa Hermetis (1937), 93—162. 

Coming." At this time eschatological discourse was co-opted into the service of the esoteric sciences, most especially into alchemical theory in the twelfth century Latin translation of the Turba philosophorum (Arabic original ca. 900 AD). Christian interpolations were added to this text referring to the death and resurrection of the chemicals in apocalyptic terms." The process of distillation in Christian alchemy symbolised death and resurrection, as well as the union of Macrocosm and Microcosm. To the alchemists the death and resurrection of the stone in the manner of a human being was the clearest indication that alchemy was a divine, not a human science. 

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