Discharge losses

Discharge or entry loss of a louver The reduction in airflow caused by a louver. The discharge loss coefficient is equal to the actual airflow rate divided by the theoretical airflow rate at given pressure difference across the louver. If tested with the airflow in the reverse direction, the coefficient becomes the entry loss coefficient. 

Note that the equivalent suction lift must be added to the total discharge head for the pump system to obtain the total system head. Keep in mind that the work the pump must accomplish is overcoming the suction losses (-f or —) plus the discharge losses, that is, + discharge loss (all) — (-f if head, or — iflift on suction losses, all). Thus, the suction lift becomes a ( — )( — ) or a ( + ) to obtain the total system head. Keep in mind that a vacuum condition on the suction of a pump never helps the pump, but in effect is a condition that the pump must work to overcome. 

Figure 12-6G. AJAX APV-1000, high-efficiency compressor valve. Suction and discharge losses are 4-8% compared to conventional valves with losses of 6-20% as a percentage of the total indicated horsepower. (Used by permission Bui. 2-214. Cooper-...

Signs and Symptoms Fever, incoordination, labored breathing, coughing, nasal, and ocular discharge loss of appetite with diarrhea and vomiting cyanosis of the extremities and hemorrhages of skin. 

Selenium dusts produce respiratory tract irritation manifested by nasal discharge, loss of smell, epistaxis, and cough. A group of workers briefly exposed to unmeasured but high concentrations of selenium fume developed severe irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, followed by headaches. Transient dyspnea occurred in one case. Workers exposed to an undetermined concentration of selenium oxide developed bronchospasm and dyspnea followed within 12 hours by metal fume fever (chills, fever, headache) and bronchitis, leading to pneumonitis in a few cases all were asymptomatic within a week. ... 

When the two tanks are open to the atmosphere, Pj and P2 are equal they, therefore, cancel out of the equation. Thus, as shown in the equation, TDH is referred to as TDHOit/. In this designation, 0 stands for the fact that the pressures cancel out. The 5 and d signify that the suction and discharge losses are used in calculating TDH. 

Steam Losses boiler blowdown, dearation, steam distribution, steam trap and condensate discharge losses. 

In addition to the approximate chemical composition of the coolants, data such as discharge losses, evaporation amount, later addition of concentrate, use-concentration, pH value, nitrite compatibility and method of running the plant should be available. 

Preservatives are added at intervals mainly in plants with high discharge losses or in the case of individual machines in which continuous dosing would either not be practicable or would be too expensive. It is possible, at comparatively low cost, to ensure satisfactory operation of the plant by means of adding preservative at one- to two-week intervals. 

Every battery is during storage subject to self-discharges. The self-discharge rate of modern primary batteries is very low and negligible in most cases even when the appliance is not frequently used and deactivated in between. The storage life of common NiCd batteries is about 2 years. For batteries with a predestined operational time of 2 years an additional 2 to 10% of the capacity necessary for operation is sufficient to compensate self-discharge losses. 

The results of the tests confirm the long-term stability of solid-electrolyte batteries with respect to self-discharge losses. However, the batteries stored at -15 C suffered from electrolyte disproportionation and the concurrent resistance increase. This disproportionation was readily reversed by heating the batteries at 60°C for less than 30 min. Following this thermal treatment, the internal resistances returned to their normal values, and standard discharge behavior was observed. 

The equilibria of the electrode reactions are normally in the discharge direction since, thermodynamically, the discharged state is most stable. The rate of self-discharge [loss of capacity (charge) when no external load is applied] of the lead-acid cell is fairly rapid, hut it can be reduced significantly by incorporating certain design features. 

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