Direct thermal water splitting

Direct, One-Step Thermal Water Splitting. The water decomposition reaction has a very positive free energy change, and therefore the equihbrium for the reaction is highly unfavorable for hydrogen production. 

Direct Solar Thermal Water Splitting to Generate Hydrogen Fuel... 

Thermochemical processes utilize thermal energy, either directly or through different chemical reactions, to carry out water splitting for hydrogen generation. The net reaction is... 

In a process called direct thermolysis, at a high enough temperature thermal energy is sufficient to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Only one reaction is involved in this process, that of equation (2.3.1). In Fig. 2.6, if the input water and output gas mixture are at the same temperature To, the minimum work input required to effect water splitting at temperature Tr can be written [60]... 

Kogan A (1998) Direct thermal splitting of water and on-site separation of the products—II. Experimental feasibility study. Int J Hydrogen Energy 23 89-98... 

S 17.3 million Renewables - direct water splitting using solar energy thermal processes using biomass advanced electrolysis from wind power. 

As mentioned earlier, direct thermal dissociation of water requires temperatures above approximately 2500 K. Since there are not yet technical solutions to the materials problems, the possibility of splitting water instead, by various reaction sequences, has been probed. Historically, the reaction of reactive metals and reactive metal hydrides with water or acid was the standard way of producing pure hydrogen in small quantities. These reactions involved sodium metal with water to form hydrogen or zinc metal with hydrochloric acid or calcium hydride with water. All these... 

R. P. Omoijan, R. N. Paunovic, M. N. Tekic, and M. G. Antov, Maximal extent of an isothermal reversible gas-phase reaction in single- and double-membrane reaction direct thermal splitting of water, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 26 203-212 (2001). 

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