Dioxide Extinguishers

Butylenes are not toxic. The effect of long-term exposure is not known, hence, they should be handled with care. Reference 96 Hsts air and water pollution factors and biological effects. They are volatile and asphyxiants. Care should be taken to avoid spills because they are extremely flammable. Physical handling requires adequate ventilation to prevent high concentrations of butylenes in the air. Explosive limits in air are 1.6 to 9.7% of butylenes. Their flash points range from —80 to —73° C. Their autoignition is around 324 to 465°C (Table 2). Water and carbon dioxide extinguishers can be used in case of fire. 

NPPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 1998 edition. National Eire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

In the event of fire, evacuate the area and if possible shut off oxygen supply. Extinguish with water spray unless electrical equipment is involved, when carbon dioxide extinguishers should be used. 

Cadmium, 118 Capture velocity, 408 Carbon dioxide extinguisher, 223 liquid, 261, 278 physical properties, 262 physiological properties, 151, 152, 264, 279 precautions, 152, 262, 280 sources, 151 Carbon monoxide ... 

Carbon dioxide reacts slowly with fragmented lithium at 20 C. With the powdered metal, its ignition is instantaneous. It also happens when it is hot. This is the reason why carbon dioxide extinguishers are forbidden for putting out lithium fires (and metals in general see later). 

At elevated temperatures, the hydride reduces carbon dioxide or sodium hydrogen-carbonate to methane and ethane. The latter are probably the explosive reaction products produced when carbon dioxide extinguishers are used on LAH fires. 

Almost all of titanium s compounds, as weU as the pure metal when in powder form, are extremely flammable and explosive. Titanium metal wiU ignite in air at 1200°C and wiU burn in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Titanium fires cannot be extinguished by using water or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Sand, dirt, or special foams must be used to extinguish burning titanium. 

Fixed installations, such as water spray systems, halon systems, sprinkler systems, carbon dioxide extinguishing systems, explosion suppression systems, and other fire protection installations are often provided with flow and trouble detection switches connected to transmitters. A signal indicating the condition of the system should be sent to the attended location(s). 

NFPA 11—Standard for Low-Fxpansion Foam NFPA 11A—Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems NFPA 12—Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems NFPA 12A—Standard on Halon 1301 Eire Extinguishing Systems NFPA 13—Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 15—Standard for Water Spray fixed Systems for Fire Protection NFPA 25—Standard for the Inspection, Testingand Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems... 

Energized electrical fires are in the Class C category. If it can be done quickly and safely, residents should attempt to shut off power before confronting this type of fire. Dry chemical extinguishers work well on these types of fires. Carbon dioxide extinguishers should be used for delicate electronic equipment such as computers as they will not damage the circuits. Water-filled extinguishers should only be used once the power has been turned off... 

Fires involving sodium metal are very hot and localised and are best dealt with by smothering with sand or by using a dry powder extinguisher, not a carbon tetrachloride or carbon dioxide extinguisher. 

This extinguisher contains a mixture of sand and baking soda (NaHC03). When this mixture is thrown over the fire, baking soda decomposes and releases carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide extinguishes the fire. 

The match you lit went out immediately when you blew on it. Fires cannot burn without oxygen. Since carbon dioxide is a heavy gas, it lies close to the burning object and keeps out the oxygen-containing air. This is why your breath, which contains carbon dioxide, extinguished the match. 

Sand and vermiculite can also be used to suffocate a fire if the spill ignites. In the case of a fire, standard dry chemical (BC, sodimn bicarbonate) extinguishers are used to suffocate the fire and suppress the burning process. Carbon dioxide extinguishers can also be used to suffocate and cool the fire. Obviously, water caimot be used. 

The type of extinguisher is keyed to the type of fire. Extinguishers for Class A fires often use water. The water cools the fuel so that it does not react as readily. The steam that is produced helps displace the oxygen-containing air around the fire. Carbon dioxide extinguishers can also be used. Because carbon dioxide is denser than air, it forms a layer underneath the air and cuts off the O2 supply. Water cannot be used on Class B fires. 

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