Diltiazem characteristics

Biochemical studies with purified preparations incorporated into liposomes have also been performed [32,33,96-98]. Reconstituted receptors from skeletal muscle bound DHPs, PAAs and diltiazem with high affinity and in a 1 1 1 stoichiometry [97], In general, the reconstituted proteins exhibit the characteristic pharmacological properties expected for these channels. In recent studies, our laboratory has reconstituted partially purified channels into liposomes containing the Ca -sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo-3 [33,96]. These channels exhibit Ca influx that is sensitive to activation by Ca channel activators and inhibitors with affinities similar to those observed in intact cells, and the Ca influx is dependent on the establishment of a gradient in the presence of valinomycin [132]. This assay provides a convenient and rapid approach to obtaining a macroscopic picture of the activity of the channels under different conditions, while the more complex studies in lipid bilayers provide a more complete analysis of the single channel behavior. 

While it is characteristically a side effect of hydantoin derivatives, it may occur during the administration of pheno-barbital, nifedipine, diltiazem and other medications. 

The infrared spectrum of diltiazem hydrochloride dispersed in potassium bromide was recorded at 4 cm 1 resolution on a Nicolet Model 740 FTIR (11). Figure 3 shows the diltiazem HCI vibrational features in the 4000 to 400 cm-1 region after spectral subtraction of the absorptions (3430 and 1629 cm 1) due to adsorbed water. Table I lists characteristic frequencies, relative intensities, and vibrational assignments for the primary diltiazem HCI absorption bands. 

Of the CCBs, the nondihydropyradines (verapamil and dilti-azem) are the most effective because they lower heart rate in addition to lowering blood pressure. Nifedipine, because of its strong vasodilator properties, tends to cause hypotension and reflex tachycardia. In addition, nifedipine causes peripheral edema. These characteristics make it less useful in DHR Amlodipine is also effective because it reduces blood pressure. Initial doses are verapamil 120 to 240 mg/day, diltiazem 90 to 120 mg/day, and amlodipine 2.5 mg/day. 

Tildiem Retard (Diltiazem hydrochloride). Sanofi-Aventis. UK Strmmary of product characteristics, April 2004. 

The retention characteristics of propranolol, atenolol, metc rolol, verr amil, diltiazem, nifedipine, clonidine, and prazosin were studied on a silica colunm... 

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