Differentiation horizontal

As organizations grow in size they become increasingly differentiated vertically, developing hierarchical layers of seniority and status. Similarly, as organizations continue to add new capabilities and tasks (functions, divisions, businesses) they become increasingly differentiated horizontally. These twin dimensions of differentiation frame the integrative landscape for leaders. 

Tie-beams have another important role in design against lateral loads to prevent differential horizontal slippage of footings, a role which may be played also by a horizontal slab between them (not integral to them). 

The proper installation of both orifice plates and Venturi-type flow tubes requires a length of straight pipe upstream and downstream of the sensor, ie, a meter mn. The pressure taps and connections for the differential pressure transmitter should be located so as to prevent the accumulation of vapor when measuring a Hquid and the accumulation of Hquid when measuring a vapor. For example, for a Hquid flow measurement in a horizontal pipe, the taps are located in the horizontal plane so that the differential pressure transmitter is either close-coupled or connected through downward sloping connections to allow any trapped vapor to escape. For a vapor measurement in a horizontal pipe, the taps should be located on the top of the pipe and have upward sloping connections to allow trapped Hquid to drain. 

Automatic filters are made with either viscous-coated or dry filter media. However, the cleaning or disposal of the loaded medium is essentially continuous and automatic. In most such devices the air passes horizontally through a movable filter curtain. As the filter loads with dust, the curtain is continuously or intermittently advanced to expose clean media to the air flow and to clean or dispose of the loaded medium. Movement of the curtain can be provided by a hand crank or a motor drive. Movement of a motor-driven curtain can be actuated automatically by a differential-pressure switch connected across the filter. 

Most of the analytical treatments of center-fed columns describe the purification mechanism in an adiabatic oscillating spiral column (Fig. 22-9). However, the analyses by Moyers (op. cit.) and Griffin (op. cit.) are for a nonadiabatic dense-bed column. Differential treatment of the horizontal-purifier (Fig. 22-8) performance has not been reported however, overall material and enthalpy balances have been described by Brodie (op. cit.) and apply equally well to other designs. 

Fixed Tube Sheet Both tube sheets fixed to shell Condensers liquid-liquid gas-gas gas-liquid cooling and heating, horizontal or vertical, reboiling Temperature difference at extremes of about 200°F. Due to differential expansion 1.0... 

U-Tube U-Bundle Only one tube sheet required. Tubes bent in U-shape. Bundle is removable. High temperature differentials which might require provision for expansion in fixed tube units. Clean service or easily cleaned conditions on both tube side and shell side. Horizontal or vertical. Bends must be carefully made or mechanical damage and danger of rupture can result. Tube side velocities can cause erosion of inside of bends. Fluid should be free of suspended particles. 1.08... 

TABLE 7.15 Centerline Temperature Differential in Horizontal Jets... 

FIGURE 7.80 CDF-predicted values of maximum velocity V, temperature differential, ( C), and airflow, q (Us), in the horizontal cross-section of the buoyant plume above the heated cube (0.66 m x 0.66 m X 0.66 m, 22SW).i ... 

Flow in a straight horizontal steel pipe (to BS 1387, Table 2, Medium) with 1.0 mhar differential pressure between the ends, for gas of relative density 0.6 (air = 1)... 

Figure 2.12. The relationship between specification interval, SI, and confidence intervals of the test result. Cl. The hatched bars denote the product specifications while the horizontal bars give the test results with confidence limits. A ratio SI/CI > 4 is required if differentiation between result categories is needed.

The differential equation describing the temperature distribution as a function of time and space is subject to several constraints that control the final temperature function. Heat loss from the exterior of the barrel was by natural convection, so a heat transfer coefficient correlation (2) was used for convection from horizontal cylinders. The ends of the cylinder were assumed to be insulated. The equations describing these conditions are ... 

The distinction can be made between horizontal and vertical equity. Horizontal equity is the equal treatment of equals individuals with the same needs should receive equivalent amounts of care or support, or individuals with the same personal means (for example, in relation to income or wealth) should bear equal burdens of funding. Vertical equity is the differential allocation of treatments or outcomes to individuals with different needs, or a differential burden of payment such as a progressive tax. Targeting services on needs is the most common example of the pursuit of greater equity, and it is therefore also legitimate to question the efficiency with which equity is pursued. 

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