Composition diesel fuel

Relations between Diesel Fuel Composition and Pollutant Emissions... 

The study of the relations between diesel fuel composition and pollution caused by the diesel engine is the focus of considerable attention, particularly in Europe where this line of thought has been rapidly developing in recent years. 

Chemical [CASRN] Diesel Fuel Composition mg/L ug/g Gas-Phase Emissions ug/km... 

Now that many jurisdictions regulate the sulphur and biodiesel content of diesel fuel, significant variability exists in diesel fuel composition and, consequently, UFP emissions. One investigation has demonstrated a 30% decrease in PM emissions with use of 100% biodiesel fuel but the soluble organic fraction increased by 40% (Sharp 1998). The sulphur content in diesel fuel also greatly influences the observed UFP emissions. In jurisdictions that have implemented ultra-low sulphur fuel, significant reductions in ambient UFP have been observed (WShlin 2009). 

In the early days of exhaust emissions control, it was established that, within the likely commercial range, motor gasoline and diesel fuel composition have relatively little effect on the composition of vehicle exhaust in terms of the regulated components carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. Legislation relating these exhaust components has therefore had little direct effect on the way in which fuels are refined and, hence, their composition. The only exception to this is where emissions controls are so severe as to demand catalytic exhaust control and hence unleaded gasoline. 

Some examples of SPE results are shown in Table 2. The DECSE3 diesel is a sample from another study diat was used to investigate the effeets of sulfur levels on the operation of diesel exhaust emission control devices, and the remaining samples were obtained from various refineries across Canada. These fuels were prepared for a collaborative research program Canadian Diesel Fuel Composition and Emissions . ... 

Neill, W.S. Li, X. Chippior, W.L. Gtilder, O.L., 1999. Canadian diesel fuel composition and emissions-n. Ottawa Combustion Research Group, Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council Canada. 

Glavincevski, B., O.L. Gulder and L. Gardner (1984), Cetane number estimation of diesel fuels from carbon type structural composition . SAE paper No. S4- 34, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Baltimore, MD. 

However, this conventional method presents a certain number of limitations. In the first place, the traditional end-use property itself can be difficult to determine. Consider the cetane number for example is it a good characterization of diesel fuel with respect to its behavior in commercial diesel engines In the second place, concern for protecting the environment imposes new specifications which are often specifications linked to the composition of products very low content of certain contaminants, reduced levels of certain families of compounds, or even a specific compound as already discussed. 

Methanol is more soluble in aromatic than paraffinic hydrocarbons. Thus varying gasoline compositions can affect fuel blends. At room temperature, the solubiUty of methanol in gasoline is very limited in the presence of water. Generally, cosolvents are added to methanol—gasoline blends to enhance water tolerance. Methanol is practically insoluble in diesel fuel. 

The cetane number of a fuel depends on its hydrocarbon composition. In general, normal paraffins have high cetane numbers, isoparaffins and aromatics have low cetane numbers, and olefins and cycloparaffins fall somewhere in between. Diesel fuels marketed in the United States have cetane numbers ranging between 35 and 65. Most manufacturers specify a minimum cetane number of 40—45. 

The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) on November 15, 1990, started a process for regulating the composition and quality of gasoline and diesel fuels sold in the United States. The CAAA s intent was to improve the nation s air quality by reducing ozone and other air pollutants. Title II of the CAAA requires the manufacture and sale of cleaner fuels in order to reduce evaporative and combustible emission of ... 

Cold composite curve, 23 191 Cold-ethanol precipitation, 22 135-136 Cold exhaust dyeing, 9 176-177 Cold flow improvers, for diesel fuel, 22 427-428... 

The reason for the availability of a large number of methods for the measurement of total petrolenm hydrocarbons centers on the compositional complexity of petroleum and petroleum products, and subsequently, there is no single suitable or adequate method for measuring all types of petroleum-derived contamination. For example, methods that are appropriate for samples contaminated by gasoline are not often suitable for the measurement of diesel fuel contamination in other samples. 

Hughey, C.A. Hendrickson, C.L. Rodgers, R.P. Marshall, A.G. Elemental Composition Analysis of Processed and Unprocessed Diesel Fuel by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Energy Fuels 2001,15. 1186-1193. 

Synthetic FT diesel fuels can have excellent autoignition characteristics. The FT diesel is composed of only straight-chain hydrocarbons and has no aromatics or sulfur. Reaction parameters are temperature, pressure and H/CO ratio. FT product composition is strongly influenced by catalyst composition the yield of paraffins is higher with cobalt catalytic ran and the yield of olefins and oxygenates is higher with ironcatalytic ran. 

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