DIDA

Chlorinated dioxins occur in atmospheric deposition (Koester and Hites 1992), and will thereby enter the terrestrial environment and watercourses. The degradation of tetrachloro- through octa-chlorodibenzo[l,4]dioxins has been examined in low-nitrogen medium by Phanerochaete sor-dida YK-624 (Takada et al. 1996). All the compounds were extensively degraded, and the ring fission of 2,3,7,8-tetra- and octachlorodibenzo[l,4]dioxin produced 4,5-di- and tetrachlorocatechol. These results established important evidence for the biodegradability of even highly chlorinated dibenzodioxins. 

In addition to the three anti-HIV agents [AZT (zidovudine), DDI (dida-nosine) and DDC (zalcitabine)] that have been formally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV infections, several other 2, 3 -dideoxynucleoside (ddN) analogues (Fig. 5), including 3 -fluoro-2, 3 -didcoxy-5-chlorouridine (FddClUrd) and 2, 3 -didehydro-... 

Founded in 1949, the People s Republic of China has a total land area of 3.7 million square miles, including Tibet and Siankian Province, representing seven percent of the world s entire land surface. The southern and northern portions of China extend into the tropical and subfrigid zones to conform perfectly with the expression "dida", which means vastness of land. 

FIGURE 6.2 Maps of Africa and India showing modern distribution of races on Eleusine coracana (taken from Fuller 2003). There are differences between the Eleusines grown in the plains and in the hills in both Africa and India. The Indian plain Eleusines may have been derived from those of the African plains and the Indian Hill Eleusines from the hills of Africa (Dida et al., 2008 2008. Reproduced with permission from Springer). 

Dida, M. M., Wanyera, N., Dunn, M. L. H., Jeffrey, L., Bennetzen, J. L., and Devos, K. M. (2008). Population structure and diversity in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) germplasm. Trap. Plant Biol. 1,131-141. 

Doctor Fungus website, Candida endophthalmitis. [WWW document]. URL http //216.239.59.104/ search q=cache 1 n 8Cng6jaK4J rwww.doctorfungus. org/mycoses/human/can dida/... 

Hydration of 1,2-epoayoydopent-a-ene has been found i>y Koradi and co-worketfiW to give a mixture of two isomeric c dida, hh pimwi. in Kq. (636a). The reaction is reported to be singularly fadlc. ... 

Anilinosuccinic Acid, called in Ger Anilino-hemsteinsfktre or N-PkenyUcisparaginsikire, CaH,NH.CH(COOH).CHjCOOH. Several isomers are described in Beil 12, 508 [262] Anilinosuccinic Acid, Azido and Dida[Pg.437]

Jacobson MA, Owen W, Campbell J, Brosgart C, Abrams DI. Tolerability of combined ganciclovir and dida-nosine for the treatment of cytomegalovirus disease associated with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1993 16(Suppl l) S69-73. 

Several large-scale studies of the efficacy of combined antiretroviral treatment with zalcitabine and zidovudine in HIV-infected patients (compared with zidovudine monotherapy or a combination of zidovudine and dida-nosine) have not shown unexpected adverse effects (1-4). The most common adverse effects in patients taking zalcitabine were peripheral neuropathy and aphthous mouth ulcers. 

A compatibility stability idiosyncrasy of diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) could pose a troublesome problem. A PVC plastisol formulated with DIDA and fused in an oven for 10 min at 175 C will exude but if the fusion period is lengthened to 0.5 h, it will not. One explanation is the dielectric constant of DIDA is below A it should be incompatible and therefore exude. However, upon extensive heating in air this oxidation-susceptible plasticizer builds up peroxides, undergoes chain scission and weight loss, and changes in compatibility. As shown in Table I, if the oxidation phenomenon is negated in per se DIDA by the presence of an antioxidant, bisphenol A, the plasticizer remains unchanged in dielectric constant and predictably would be incompatible (20). 

Table I. Influence of Antioxidant upon Volatility and Dielectric Constant of DIDA upon Heating...

In the method of activation analysis, radioactivity is induced in the sample to be analyzed. In the method of direct isotope dilution analysis (DIDA), a radioactive form of the component of interest is added to the sample. The component is then exhaustively purified without regard to quantitative recovery and a fraction of the pure component isolated. The amount and activity of the isolated component are measured and the quantity present in the original sample is calculated using that information. 

Theory of DIDA. Consider a complex sample of W grams containing Wi grams of the component of interest. To this sample is added W grams of a radioactive form of the component with a total activity Ai. IVq grams of the pure component is then isolated it contains both the active and the inactive forms and has an activity of Az. 

In DIDA, a radioactive form of the component of interest is added to the sample and the quantity of the inactive form initially present is determined. In some instances, one may wish to determine the amount of a radioactive substance in the sample. A method similar in principle to DIDA can then be used wherein a quantity of an inactive form of the component of interest is added to the sample, the sample is purified without regard to quantitative recovery, and the amount of the recovered component and its activity are measured. From this information, the quantity of the radioactive substance initially present in the sample is calculated. This method is referred to as inverse isotope dilution analysis (IIDA). 

Zeneli, G., Kola, H., and Dida, M., Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of Northern Albania, Sci. Hon., 105,91-100,2005. 

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