2.2- Dichlorovinyl

In the body, metrifonate converts to the active metaboUte dichlorvos, (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate), which is responsible for the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the susceptible worm. This effect alone is unlikely to explain the antischistosomal properties of metrifonate (19). Clinically, metrifonate is effective only against infection caused by S. haematobium. Metrifonate is administered in three doses at 2-wk intervals (17). The dmg is well tolerated. Side effects such as mild vertigo, nausea, and cramps are dose-related. This product is not available in the United States. The only manufacturer of metrifonate is Bayer A.G. of Leverkusen, Germany. 

Commandeur JNM, Vermeulen NPE. 1990a. Identification of N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) and N-acetyl-S-(l,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine as two regioisomeric mercapturic acids of trichloroethylene in the rat. Chem Res Toxicol 3 212-218. 

Benzotriazole-related methodology publications appeared in 2006. Reaction of 1-formylbenzotriazole with triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrachloride afforded l-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)benzotriazole, where lithiation followed addition of electrophiles gave a variety of functionalized M-(ethynyl)benzotriazoles <06T3794>. Novel mono- and symmetrical di-/V-hydroxy- and IV-aminoguanidines were readily prepared from the reaction of diverse hydroxylamines or hydrazines with reagent classes di(benzotriazol-l-yl)methanimine, (bis-benzotriazol-1 -y 1-methy lene)amines, benzotriazole-1 -carboxamidines, benzotriazole-1 -... 

MWNTs favored the detection of insecticide from 1.5 to 80 nM with a detection limit of InM at an inhibition of 10% (Fig. 2.7). Bucur et al. [58] employed two kinds of AChE, wild type Drosophila melanogaster and a mutant E69W, for the pesticide detection using flow injection analysis. Mutant AChE showed lower detection limit (1 X 10-7 M) than the wild type (1 X 10 6 M) for omethoate. An amperometric FIA biosensor was reported by immobilizing OPH on aminopropyl control pore glass beads [27], The amperometric response of the biosensor was linear up to 120 and 140 pM for paraoxon and methyl-parathion, respectively, with a detection limit of 20 nM (for both the pesticides). Neufeld et al. [59] reported a sensitive, rapid, small, and inexpensive amperometric microflow injection electrochemical biosensor for the identification and quantification of dimethyl 2,2 -dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) on the spot. The electrochemical cell was made up of a screen-printed electrode covered with an enzymatic membrane and combined with a flow cell and computer-controlled potentiostat. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) was used as mediator to generate very sharp, rapid, and reproducible electric signals. Other reports on pesticide biosensors could be found in review [17],... 

Analysis of the conformational and structural stability of N-vinylnitrone CH2=CH—N(0)=CH2 and /V-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)nitrone CCl2=CH-N(0) = CH2 with DFT-B3LYP and MP2 methods revealed that they have a planar structure resulting from the apparent conjugation between C=C and N=C bonds. 

Bicker W, Kacprzak K, Kwit M, Lammerhofer M, Gawronski J, Lindener W (2009) Assignment of absolute configurations of permethrin and its synthon 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid by electronic circular dichroism, optical rotation, and X-ray crystallography. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 20 1027-1035... 

R. Traverso, A. Moretto, M. Lotti, Human Serum A -Esterases. Hydrolysis of o,o-Dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl Phosphate , Biochem. Pharmacol. 1989, 38, 671-676. 

Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphoric acid ester, see Dichlorvos... 

Dimethyl-3-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)urea, see Diuron Dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate, see Dichlorvos Dimethyl-2.2-dichlorovinyl phosphate, see Dichlorvos 0,0-Dimethyl-0-(2.2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate. see Dichlorvos... 

Mattson, A.M., Spillane, J.T., and Pearce, G.W. Dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP), an organic phosphorus compound highly toxic to insects, J. Agric. Food Chem., 3(4) 319-321, 1955. 

An electrochemical method for the synthesis of a series of 4-(alkylamino)-2-phenyloxazolines 139a-f from A -(2,2-dichlorovinyl)amides 135 has been reported. The starting A -(2,2-dichlorovinyl)amide 135, readily available from chloral and amides, undergoes facile reaction with amines to give 136. Cathodic reduction of 136 generates chlorocarbanionic intermediates 137 and 138 that... 

Harada et al. studied the TiO2 photocatalytic mineralization of trimethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphite, and O, (9-dimethyl ammonium phosphodithioate and reported excellent mass balance based on phosphate, sulfate, and carbon dioxide produced after prolonged illumination [39]. Subsequent studies found the organophosphorus insecticides dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate [Eq. (5)] and di-methyl-2,2,2-trichloro-I-hydroxyethyl phosphonate were mineralized by solar irradiation in the presence of suspended TiO2 [40] ... 

Vinyl Phosphates, Dichlorvos [62-73-7], 0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate, (CH30)2P(0)0CH=CC12 (bp 140°C at 27 kPa, d 1.314, vp 1.6 Pa at 20°C), is soluble in water to about 10 g/L. The half-life in water is 8 h. The rat oral LD50s are 80, 56 mg/kg. Dichlorvos is used in aerosols and sugar baits to control flies and mosquitoes. Slow release formulations have been used in plastic strips and pet collars to control animal... 

Among organophosphates dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) and pirimiphos methyl (0-[2-(diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-pyr-imidinyl]0,0-dimethylphosphorothioate) are important contaminants for the durum wheat industry. Dichlorvos is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide in the storage of many products, such as com, rice, and durum wheat, finding widespread use in most European countries... 

Triethyl phenylsulfinylorthoacetate, C6H5SCH2C(OC2H3)3 (1). The reagent is obtained by reaction of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl phenyl sulfoxide or 2,2-dichlorovinyl phenyl sulfoxide with sodium ethoxide. 

Chemical Name cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylate (RS)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(lR5,3R5 lR5,35R)-3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate Uses nonsystemic insecticide with contact and stomach action to control a wide range of insects in fruits, vegetables, vines, potatoes, cucurbits, capsicums, cereals, maize, soybeans, cotton, coffee, coca, rice, pecans, ornamentals and forestry, etc. also used to control flies in animal houses and mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies and other pests in public health. 

Chemical Name 2,2-dichlorovinyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate 2,2-dichloroethenyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate Uses insecticide and fumigant to control flies, mosquitoes, and moths also used as acaricide. 

Chemical Name 3-phenoxybenzyl (IRS, 3RS, IRS, 3S7 )-3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarbo-xylate ... 

Dichlorvos [62-73-7] Vapona, Nuvan, DDVP, Dedevap 2,2-dichlorovinyl-0, O-dimethyl phosphate c4hvci2o4p 220.976 liquid 1... 

At room temperature trichlorfon is stable however, in the process of production and purification it is exposed to high temperature for a length of time, which reduces the yield of trichlorfon due to the secondary formation of 0,0-dimethyl-0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate ... 

It dissolves worse in diethyl ether and carbon tetrachloride. If stored for a long time, its aqueous solutions become acidic. The stability of trichlorfon largely depends on the pH of the medium at pH > 5.5 it slowly transforms into 0,0-dimethyl-0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, which finds an increasing application in agriculture and household. 

The electroreduction of iV-(haloethyl)amides 8 at a mercury cathode in DMF or acetonitrile gives rise to the corresponding iV-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)amides 9 in good to excellent yields (equation 5)25. The electrochemical reduction of fluorinated fullerene has been reported26. 

DDVP 2,859 s, 1645s, 1,462 m, 761s, 661m, 341m 2.2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate... 

The majority of pyrethroid insecticides have low volatilities. The heavily used synthetic pyrethroid permethrin is classified as nonvolatile on the basis of its vapor pressure (1.3 x 10 kPa at 20 °C) and is rarely found in indoor air. However, it has recently been reported to be the major pesticide residue found in house dust (USEPA, 2000d). Cyper-methrin [( )-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-( )-cA,frani -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and cyfluthrin [cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-phenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloro-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] are two other low-volatility pyrethroids commonly used for indoor flea and cockroach control. 

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