2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid callus

Feung, C. S., Hanrilton, R.H., and Mumma, R.O. Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. V. Identification of metabolites in soybean callus tissue cultures. J. Agric. Food Chem., 21(4) 637-640, 1973. 

Yasuda, T., Yajima, Y., and Yamada, Y., Induction of DNA synthesis and callus formation from tuber tissue of Jerusalem artichoke by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Plant Cell Physiol., 15, 321-329, 1974. Yeoman, M.M., Tissue Culture and Plant Science, Street, H.E., Ed., Blackwell s, Oxford, 1974, pp. 1-17. Zubr, J. and Pedersen, H.S., Characteristics of growth and development of different Jerusalem artichoke cultivars, in Inulin and Inulin-containing Crops, Fuchs, A., Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1993, pp. 11-19. 

The leaf segments ca. 5x5 mm) of axenic shoots were cultured on MS solid medium supplemented with auxin or combinations of auxin and cytokinin at 25 C in the dark. Calli were formed at the cut end of leaf segments within 2 to 3 weeks on MS solid medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1-3 mg/1) and Kin (0-0.1 mg/1), while adventitious roots appeared after intermediary callus on MS solid medium containing either lAA (1-3 mg/1), NAA (0.5-3 mg/1), or NAA (1 mg/1) plus Kin (0.1 mg/1). The calli and adventitious roots grew well and could be maintained in the same cultural conditions as was used for their induction. Fig. (28). 

Feung, C.S., R.H. Hamilton, F.H. Witham, and R.O. Mumma. The Relative Amounts and Identification of Some 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Metabolites Isolated from Soybean Cotyledon Callus Cultures, Plant Physiol, 50 80-86 (1972). 

C. autumnale is the first plant species exploited for the production of colchicine in vitro. Hunault [15] reported successful induction of callus culture of C. autumnale on Linsmaier-Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin. Growth and colchicine accumulation were increased in MS media supplemented with 20-mM ammonium and 40-mM nitrate. Addition of sulfate (S04 ) also increased the accumulation of colchicine in C. autumnale [16]. 

Fig. 2A. Changes in dopamine levels upon transfer of P. bracteatum cultures to hormone-free media. (A) P. bracteatum callus culture was transferred from Murashige and Skoog s revised to tobacco medium (MSRT) supplemented with 0.1 mgl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (dark-grown) to suspension medium without hormones (dark grown). Aliquots (3 ml) were removed every 3-4 days and analyzed for growth and dopamine content (see Fig. 1). Values represent the average from three separate flasks analyzed in duplicate. (B) P. somniferum caUus was maintained in the dark on MSRT without glycine and supplemented with 0-1% casein enzymatic hydrolysate and 0.2 mg naphthaleneacetic acid. After transfer to hormone-free suspension culture, aliquots were removed at 4-6 day intervals and analyzed as in A. Values represent the average of two separate experiments assayed in duplicate...

Plant material. All the experiments were conducted using a fourteen day-old sugarbeet callus (Beta vulgaris L., var. altissima). The initiation and culture conditions of this callus have been described elsewhere [8]. This callus is chlorophyllous and grows on basic media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D 0.1 mg.L i) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 0.1 mg.L ). 

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