1,2-dichloroethane /water system

Synthesis of Polysulfide XXHE with Various Phase Transfer Catalysts in Dichloroethane-Water System ... 

The ionic potentials can be experimentally determined either with the use of galvanic cells containing interfaces of the type in Scheme 7 or electroanalytically, using for instance, polarography, voltammetry, or chronopotentiometry. The values of and Aj f, obtained with the use of electrochemical methods for the water-1,2-dichloroethane, water-dichloromethane, water-acetophenone, water-methyl-isobutyl ketone, o-nitrotol-uene, and chloroform systems, and recently for 2-heptanone and 2-octanone [43] systems, have been published. These data are listed in many papers [1-10,14,37]. The most probable values for a few ions in water-nitrobenzene and water-1,2-dichloroethane systems are presented in Table 1. 

Although traditional octanol/water distribution coefficients are still widely used in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) and in ADME/ pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, alternatives have been proposed. To cover the variability in biophysical characteristics of different membrane types, a set of four solvents has been suggested - sometimes called the critical quartet [49-51], The 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE)/water system has been promoted as a good alternative to alkane/water due to its far better dissolution properties [50, 51], but it may be used only rarely due to its carcinogenic properties. 

The kobs values determined for the FeCp-DCM system at Ao0 = Ao0° — 59 mV and Ao0° + 59mV are almost the same, which is different from the results for the FeCp-H system [80]. The standard ion transfer (IT) potentials of FeCp-H+ and FeCp-DCM+ across a 1,2-dichloroethane/water... 

Finished water supplies obtained from groundwater sources were tested by ERA for contaminants. It was reported that up to 10.8% of 158 nonrandom sample sites from across the United States contained detectable levels of 1,1-dichloroethane. The maximum concentration was 4.2 ppb (Westrick et al. 1984). 1,1-Dichloroethane was detected at a maximum concentration of 220 ppb in samples from 193 private wells in Rhode Island analyzed over a period of nine years (RIDH 1989). A maximum concentration of 40 ppb 1,1-dichloroethane was detected in 6 public drinking water systems in Rhode Island between April 1982, and April 1989 (RIDH 1989). 

Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics calculations of the density profile of model system of benzene-water [70], 1,2-dichloroethane-water [71], and decane-water [72] interfaces show that the thickness of the transition region at the interface is molecu-larly sharp, typically within 0.5 nm, rather than diffuse (Fig. 4). A similar sharp density profile has been reported also at several liquid-vapor interfaces [73, 74]. The sharpness of interfaces thus seems to be a general characteristic of the boundary between two stable phases and it is likely that the presence of supporting electrolytes would not significantly alter the thickness of the transition region at an ITIES. The interfacial mixed solvent layer [54, 55], if any, would probably have a thickness comparable with this thin inner layer. 

Benjamin recently found for a 1,2-dichloroethane-water model system that, although the interface was molecularly sharp on time-average over hundreds of picoseconds, thermal fluctuations superimposed capillary waves as long as 0.8 nm on the sharp interface and generated a rough surface on the timescale of tens of... 

In 1982 the enantioseparation of racemic norephedrine in a 1,2-dichloroethane-water solvent system using the highly lipophilic (I ,R)-di-5-nonyl tartrate as CS was reported [54]. This CS had been previously used in liquid-liquid partition experiments [55]. Hexafluorophosphate was used as a chaotropic (apolar) anion to facilitate the partition of the positively ionisable racemate. 

Geblewicz and Schiffrin have studied the system [Fe(CN)6] / in water-Lutetium biphthalocyanine in 1,2-dichloroethane, and very recently Cheng and Schiffrin investigated the systems [Fe(CN)6] / in water-bis(pyridine) mejo-tetraphenylporphyrinato iron(II) and ruthenium(III) in 1,2-dichloroethane. These systems have the advantage that none of the products of the reaction would cross the interface, thereby impeding the measurements. 

Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate(VI) was reported to possess a catalytic activity in the oxidation of selected alcohols with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, in 1,2-dichloroethane/water or acetonitrile/water solvent systems. A pronounced accelerating effect on the reaction rate was observed when a MW conditions were used. ... 

The vapor is thea withdrawa from the stiH as distillate. The changing Hquid composition is most coavenieafly described by foUowiag the trajectory (or residue curve) of the overall composition of all the coexistiag Hquid phases. An exteasive amouat of valuable experimental data for the water—acetoae—chloroform mixture, including biaary and ternary LLE, VLE, and VLLE data, and both simple distillation and batch distillation residue curves are available (93,101). Experimentally determined simple distillation residue curves have also been reported for the heterogeneous system water—formic acid—1,2-dichloroethane (102). 

The reaction is carried out over a supported metallic silver catalyst at 250—300°C and 1—2 MPa (10—20 bar). A few parts per million (ppm) of 1,2-dichloroethane are added to the ethylene to inhibit further oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. This results ia chlorine generation, which deactivates the surface of the catalyst. Chem Systems of the United States has developed a process that produces ethylene glycol monoacetate as an iatermediate, which on thermal decomposition yields ethylene oxide [75-21-8]. 

Acetic acid-water Pinched system Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, diethyl ether, dichloroethane, butyl acetate ... 

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