Dicarboxylic amino adds

Bromophenol blue (3.0...4.6) aliphatic carboxylic acids [225 —228] malonic and lactic adds [229] palmitic and lactic acids [230] malonic, glycolic, malic, dtric, tartaric, ketoglutaric, galacturonic and oxalic adds [196] dicarboxylic acids, sucdnic acid [231] indoleacetic add, trichloroacetic acid [232] palmitic acid, palmityl- and stearyllactic add [223] benzoic, sorbic and salicylic acid [234] metabolites of ascorbic add [235] chloropropionic add [236] oligogalacturonic adds [237] amino adds, hydrocarbons, mono-, di- and triglycerides [238] xylobiose, xylose, glucose and derivatives [239] sugar alcohols [91] toxaphene [240]... 

The presence of two or more carboxyl groups in a carbon chain gives rise to dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic, etc., adds many of these acids are designated by universally recognised and accepted trivial names (see Table 10.20). Unsaturated adds are considered in Section 5.18.3, p. 804 other functionally substituted acids (e.g. hydroxy acids, amino adds, etc.) are considered in Section 5.14. 

The solutes resolved by the Type IV CSPs must be able to form coordination complexes with transition metal ions. This limits the classes of compounds to a-amino acids and mono- and dicarboxylic acids containing an ot hydroxyl moiety. The most common solutes resolved on these CSPs are underivatized amino acids, although a number of derivatized amino acids can be resolved, including W-acetyl, amide, N-carbamoyl, N-carbo-benzoxy, and hydantoin derivatives, as well as complex amino adds such as the biochemical modulator BSD (79). 

L-Amino acid oxidase of rat kidney appears to catalyze the same type of reaction as n-amino acid oxidase. It oxidizes the monoamino, mono-carboxylic acids, but does not attack either dicarboxylic or polybasic compounds. Proline and W-methylamino adds are oxidized. A unique property of this enzyme is its ability to oxidize hydroxy acids. Only L-hydroxy acids are attacked. The ratio of hydroxy acid oxidation rate to amino acid rate is constant throughout purification. In general, hydroxy acid oxidation proceeds somewhat more rapidly than amino add oxidation, and the hydroxy acids corresponding to the basic amino adds... 

It thus appears that dicarboxylic amino and keto acidB hold a key position as primary substrates and amino-N carriers in a very active process of amino acid formation (Onhi-n io) — in fact, the only one proceeding with significant rapidity in vitro. This function of the dicarbmgrlic adds is the coimterpart of their similar central position in triLTiHn.TniTiiit.inii reactions and in the indirect oxidative deamination of I-amino acids. It remains to be ascertained whether the outlined mechanism of amino-N formation is restricted to the synthesis of AS, GL and AL, or plays a broader part in amino acid synthesis in the animal organism. 

Two new long-chain acyl amino acids, sagittamides A and B, were isolated from an unidentified didemnid collected from Arrow Island, Pohnpei. These compounds possess a long-chain C26 a,w-dicarboxylic acid, each of them acylated by a different a-amino add (Lievens and Molinski, 2005). The relative stereochemistry of the hexaacetoxy moiety of sagittamide A was determined by different techniques of NMR (Lievens and Molinski, 2006 Seike, Ghosh, and Kishi, 2006 Sdiuetz et al, 2007). 

NMDA, Af-methyl-D-aspartate AMPA, a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-proprionic add 1S,3R-ACPD, L-amino-cydopentane-lS,3R-dicarboxylic add IP3, inosine triphosphate... 

Thiophene-2,3-dicarboxylic add, 4-amino-dimethyl ester synthesis, 4, 924... 

Fell MJ, Svensson KA, Johnson BG, Schoepp DD. 2008. Evidence for the role of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu)2 not mGlu3 receptors in the preclinical antipsychotic pharmacology of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist (-)-(lR,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-2-sulfonylbicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic add (LY404039). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 326 209-217. 

Some of dicarboxylic acids can also be distilled, without decomposition, under reduced pressures. This is at least a theoretical ground for the possibility of their direct GC analysis. Few successful attempts have been described, but these analytes require on-column injection of samples and extremely high inertness of chromatographic systems. Many types of polyfunctional carboxylic acids (hydroxy-, mercapto-, amino-, etc.) cannot be analyzed in free, underivatized form, owing to either non volatility and/or absence of thermal stability. These features are the principal reasons for the conversion of carboxylic adds, before their GC analysis, into less polar derivatives without active hydrogen atoms. 

Aromatic diimides 71 and 72 derived from 9-epi-9-amino cinchona alkaloids and pyromellitic or 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride have been designed by Gawronski and Kacprzak as novel chiral receptors. These triads are present at room temperature as equimolar mixture of syn and anti conformers, resulting from restricted rotation around the imide C—N bonds. These triads show high affinity toward carboxylic adds. The syn conformer binds preferentially 1,2-dicarboxylates in a 1 1 molecular ratio whereas the anti conformer is selective toward monocarbox-ylates forming a complex in a ratio 1 2 (triad acid). The response is sensitive and could be observed by either 1H NMR or by CD spectroscopy even when equimolar amounts of the adds are present in the solution. The competition experiments have shown a higher selectivity of triads toward 1,2-dicarboxylates [140],... 

Dicarboxylic acids react more sensitively than do monocarboxylic adds. Fatty acids and amino acids cannot be detected. The reagent can be employed on silica gel, kieselguhr and Si 50 000 layers (also when they are impregnated with polyethylene glycol [1]) and on cellulose layers. 7 r ... 

A series of biodegradable functional amino acid-based PEAs were designed and synthesized by the solution copolycondensation of antino add (L-phenylalanine and DL-2-allylglycine)- and dicarboxylic acid-based monomers... 

W.G. Kim, H.G. Yoon, J.Y. Lee, Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. V. Synthesis and biodegradation behavior of polyfester amide)s composed of l,4 3,6-dianhydro-D-gludtol, a-amino acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic add units, J. Appl. Polym. 

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