Dibenz skin irritation

Dibenz[6,/][ 1,4]oxazepines, which have intense lachrymatory and skin irritant properties, can be prepared in high yield by the Bischler-Napieralsky-type cyclization of N- 2-phenoxyphenyl)formamides (76JCS(P1)1279>. 

Dibenz (b,f)l 4-oxazepine (CR), a more recent addition to the riot-control family of compounds, was first synthesized in 1962. It is a potent sensory irritant of low toxicity. The overt signs (e.g., eye and skin irritation) of exposure are more transitory than those of other riot-control agents such as CS. CR does not induce vesication or contact sensitization. 

Dibenz[fi,/]l 4-oxazepine (CR) is a potent sensory irritant with low toxicity. The effects of CR on the eyes and skin are more transitory than with other agents. CR is not associated with contact sensitization. 

Dibenz(b, -l 4-oxazepine (CR) (Figure 11.8) is a potent sensory irritant with less toxicity than CS or CN (Ballantyne, 1977b). CR causes an immediate and effective irritation of the eyes, nose, and skin without persistent effects in these target organs. The irritation associated with CR is more transient compared with other RCAs. It is 5-times to 10-times greater in potency than CS therefore, a smaller concentration is needed to cause irritation (low minimal irritant concentration or... 

RCAs are peripheral chemosensory irritants that target the eyes, airways and/or skin. The 1997 CWC defines them as Any chemical not listed in a Schedule, which can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure . Use for riot control purposes is permitted under the CWC, but not for military harassment, and stocks of RCAs must be declared. Most of the major RCAs [CN, CS and dibenz[/),/]-l,4-oxazepine (CR) Scheme 1.8] are low volatility solids and, unless they are used in solution in a spray, they need to be aerosolised for efficient use, for example using pyrotechnic munitions or dispersed as micronised powders. 

---