Dialkyl adipates

Table 5.2 Lipase-catalyzed polyamides made with dialkyl adipate and different diamines.

Figure 3.1. Length of dialkyl adipates vs. carbon number of their alcohols. [Data from Coughlin, C. S. Mauritz, K. A. Storey, R. Macromolecules, 24,2113-2116,1991.]...

Acrylic sealants, adhesives and coatings use m,p-cresol propoxylate (Macol 85) and alkyl benzyl phthalate (Santicizer 160) as permanent coalescing plasticizers. Acrylic based floor polishes use alkyl benzyl phthalate (Santicizer 160) and dialkyl adipate (Santicizer 141). These plasticizers are also permanent coalescing agents. 

Esters, for example, dialkyl polypropyleneglycol adipate and dibutyl adipate, also find use as defoamers in the removal of H2S and CO2 from natural gas by bubbling it through an amine solution [659]. Use of the aforementioned components increases the efficiency of foam destruction. 

To identify isomeric thienothiophenes, the chromatographic behavior of mono- and dialkyl-substituted thienothiophenes 1 and 2 was studied.Thienothiophene 1 and its alkylated derivatives were shown to be characterized by greater retention volumes than the corresponding thienothiophenes 2. The linearity of the retention volume vs. boiling point relationship allowed the thienothiophene isomers to be identified. Studies on solution thermodynamics of thienothiophenes in the stationary phase showed that isomeric thienothiophenes 1 and 2 do not differ appreciably in their heats of solution. For example, the calculated heats of solution of 5-ethyl-3-methylthieno[2,3-h]thiophene (26) and 5-ethyl-3-methylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (27) in polyethyleneglycol adipate are both about 16 kcWmole. ... 

The synthesis of dialkyl hex-3-ene-l,6-dioate from the dioxycarboxylation of butadiene in an alcoholic solvent, and in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as trimethyl orthoformate444 or 1,1-dimethoxycyclohexane,445 provides an economically attractive route for the synthesis of adipic acid (equation 175). 

The acid-catalyzed equilibrium of a dibasic acid with its mono- and di-esters furnishes a means of preparation of alkyl hydrogen esters of most aliphatic a,o)-dibasic acids. A mixture of the acid and its dialkyl ester is refluxed with concentrated hydrochloric acid and dibutyl ether, and the add ester is isolated by fractional distillation or extraction techniques. Excellent directions are given for the acid esters of adipic, sebacic, and azelaic acids. 

Table 14 Adipic add. Dialkyl (C7-C9) ester are used as an illustrative example [131] for an environmentally friendly class of products (CAS No. 68515-75-3...

Table 15 Aqnatic toxicity parameters for Adipic acid. Dialkyl (C7-C9) ester ...

Enzymes can be used to selectively hydrolyze only one of two ester groups in a molecule. An esterase from Pseudomonas putida was used to hydrolyze dimethyl adipate to more that 99% half ester.198 Pig liver esterase was used to hydrolyze dialkyl phthalates to the monoesters in 84-93% yields in 1-13 h.199 A porcine pancreatic lipase was used to hydrolyze linear diol diacetates to the monoacetates in 79-95% yields.200 Esters have been prepared from 12-hydroxystearic acid and C8-C18 alcohols in 82-90% yields without esterification of the 12-hydroxy group, by using an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei.201 Ricinoleic acid, which differs only by having a cis 9 double bond, formed oligomers with an immobilized lipase from C. rugosa.202 These were much less colored than the ones made by the commercial process, which is done at 200 C. 

Taking DOP as the reference standard of performance for low-temperature flex efficiency, other commercial plasticizers that are significantly better performers include linear dialkyl phthalates and alkyl esters of sebacic, azelaic, adipic, phosphoric, and epoxidized oleic acids. Significantly poorer performers are tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and branched dialkyl phthalates. 

Diace lmelhane. SeeAcetylacetone Diacrylate diethylene glycol. See Diethylene glycol diacrylate Dialkyl (C7-C9) adipate. See Di (C7-9 alkyl) adi te Di-n-all l (C7-C9) phthalate. See n-Dioctyl phthalate Diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. See Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride... 

Synonyms Adipic acid, dialkyl (C7-C9) ester Dialkyl (C7-C9) adipate Hexanedioic acid, di-C7-9-branched and linear alkyl esters... 

A variety of external plasticizers have also been suggested for cyanoacrylates. Among these are alkyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as cyanoacetates aliphatic dicarboxylic esters, such as malonates, adipates, and sebacates triaromatic phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate acyl triesters of glycerine dialkyl alkylphosphonates and alkyl phthalates. Joyner and Coover state that limiting the plasticizer concentration to less than 5% will not retard the cure speed, from 5 to 20% will retard the cure rate, and over 20% plasticizer concentration seriously slows the cure rate of the adhesive. 

Diels-Alder reactions, 138, 139, 145 MA radical polymerization, 244 Adipic acid, polyesters use, 480, 481, 493 Addition polymerization, MA use, 239 Aerosol surfactants, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, 53 Alanine, / and d, SMA resin reaction, 430... 

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