Diagnostics, surface

Test and measurement sensors, pressure transducers, torque sensors, instrumentation, accelerometers, and displacement sensors An extensive array of instruments and systems for applications ranging from automotive R D, process and environmental monitoring, in vitro medical diagnostics Surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the determination of the affinity and kinetics of biomolecular interactions... 

G.A.Krug, Defining the real defects reflecting surface . Diagnostic, Kiev, 1988, 6, 22-25. 

The methods and means for ecological diagnostics make rapid strides among all the NDT and TD developing areas. To provide the atmosphere monitoring recently the good results were achieved in the development of surface-acoustics wave sensors (SAW), laser measuring systems, infrared detectors and systems based on other physical principles. 

Various plasma diagnostic techniques have been used to study the SiH discharges and results have helped in the understanding of the growth kinetics. These processes can be categorized as r-f discharge electron kinetics, plasma chemistry including transport, and surface deposition kinetics. 

The color development of photochromic compounds can also be utili2ed as a diagnostic tool. The temperature dependence of the fa ding of 6-nitroindolinospiropyran served as the basis for a nondestmctive inspection technique for honeycomb aerospace stmctures (43). One surface of the stmcture to be exarnined was covered with a paint containing the photochromic compound and activated to a violet color with ultraviolet light. The other side of the stmcture was then heated. The transfer of heat through the honeycomb stmcture caused bleaching of the temperature-dependent photochromic compound. Defects in the honeycomb where heat transfer was inhibited could be detected as darker areas. 

This aspect is not included here, but is related to optical flow diagnostics. It is based again on the principle of the optical Doppler effect. Multifunctional equipment is available for noncontact measurements of flow-induced vibration on surfaces of structural elements, for acoustic measurements, and for calibration of accelerometers and vibration transducers. 

This equilibrium is of importance in providing diagnostic criteria for the mechanism of the h.e.r., since the rate of permeation of hydrogen through a thin iron membrane can provide information on the coverage of the surface with adsorbed hydrogen. 

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