Diagnostics, food

Much interest in biosensors has been attached to the potential application of this highly expanding field of research to the solution of a variety of problems that occur in clinical diagnostics, food industry, agriculture and environment industry. Some of the other reasons that have made this area very attractive include those (i) that provide quick, selective and reliable information on the measurement species, (ii) that yield measurable signal, (iii) that require minimum pretreatment of the samples, (iv) that are inexpensive and can be used repetitively. 

Analytes detected A variety of analytes have been detected using CP-based biosensors. These analytes range from clinical diagnostics, food industry, to environmental monitoring. Sensing of some of these analytes using CP biosensors is explained below. 

Immunosensors promise to become principal players ia chemical, diagnostic, and environmental analyses by the latter 1990s. Given the practical limits of immunosensors (low ppb or ng/mL to mid-pptr or pg/mL) and their portabiUty, the primary appHcation is expected to be as rapid screening devices ia noncentralized clinical laboratories, ia iatensive care faciUties, and as bedside monitors, ia physicians offices, and ia environmental and iadustrial settings (49—52). Industrial appHcations for immunosensors will also include use as the basis for automated on-line or flow-injection analysis systems to analyze and control pharmaceutical, food, and chemical processing lines (53). Immunosensors are not expected to replace laboratory-based immunoassays, but to open up new appHcations for immunoassay-based technology. 

The advent of Biotechnology now mainly directed at medical diagnostics and more recently to the food industry is likely to yield more rapid and simple tests for measuring microbial mass, enzymes etc. and these, e.g. a clip slide measuring ATP, adapted to corrosion diagnosis ... 

To date, few studies have been published on food-induced anaphylaxis which have used BAT as a diagnostic method. In these, whole extracts have been used in the isolated cases of anaphylaxis due to grape [61] and aubergine [62] with positive... 

Applications Membranes create a boundary between different bulk gas or hquid mixtures. Different solutes and solvents flow through membranes at different rates. This enables the use of membranes in separation processes. Membrane processes can be operated at moderate temperatures for sensitive components (e.g., food, pharmaceuticals). Membrane processes also tend to have low relative capital and energy costs. Their modular format permits rehable scale-up and operation. This unit operation has seen widespread commercial adoption since the 1960s for component enrichment, depletion, or equilibration. Estimates of annual membrane module sales in 2005 are shown in Table 20-16. Applications of membranes for diagnostic and bench-scale use are not included. Natural biological systems widely employ membranes to isolate cells, organs, and nuclei. 

DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision FDA Food and Drug Administration... 

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