Devices poly with

Huikko, K., Ostman, P., Grigoras, K., Tuomikoski, S., Tiainen, V.M., Soininen, A., Puolanne, K., Manz, A., Franssila, S., Kostiainen, R., Kotiaho, T., Poly(dimethylsiloxane) electrospray devices fabricated with diamond-like car-bon-poly(dimethylsiloxane) coated SU-8 masters. Labchip 2003, 3, 67-72. 

By 1995 one finds that the main actors are different polymers, a change which can be partly attributed to the recent interest in semiconductor properties, especially light emission. In the field of conduction, polyacetylene has given its place to polyaniline, a polymer with a fascinating rich chemistry and a promise of good processability. In the semiconductor arena, the most studied polymer of the past decade is polythiophene, or rather its soluble derivatives which lend themselves very well to various fabrication processes. Another polymer, one which was only mentioned briefly in the 1986 Handbook, is competing with polythiophene for application in semiconductor devices poly(pura-phenylene vinylene). These three polymers received very little interest before 1985 no crystallographic studies had been published at that time. 

Process without Photolithography. To optimize the performance of a polymeric light-emitting diode, devices with holes injected through an ITO/poly(aniline) (PANI) electrode into the polymer are much more efficient than devices fabricated with the anode made only by ITO. 

For microfluidic devices made with polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC), a different approach must be... 

Heeger and co-workers [157] found that high EL efficiencies can be reached by dispersing surfactant-like additives in the active layer. They reported that a device prepared with surfactant-like compounds in poly(3-octylthiophene) gives, with an aluminium electrode, 0.03% external efficiency, much higher than the corresponding device without additives but with calcium as the cathode. The procedure reported in [157] has been successfully applied to other electroluminescent polymers by the same authors. 

Figure 14.18 Device structure with PEDOT PSS electrochromic layer (schematic). Erom S. Kirchmeyer and K. Reuter, Scientific importance, properties and growing applications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes), J. Mater. Chem. 15, 2077-2088 (2005). Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry...

The functions of polymers formed from disubstituted acetylenes have also been studied extensively (Chart 3.6). Kwak et al. found that poly(diphenylacetylene) derivative 21 showed strong blue-green emission. Hsu and coworkers fabricated an LED composed of ITO/PEDOT/ diphenylacetylene copolymer 22/Ca/Al and observed very high device performance with a maximum luminescence of 4230 cd/m at 14 V and a maximum current efficiency of 3.37 cd/A at 7 Imidazole-containing polymer 23 can be prepared from a chlorine-bearing polymer. The fluorescence of 23 is quenched by a trace amount of Cu , but not when also... 

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