Developmental Factors

MFO (mixed function oxidase) system in the young are all contributing factors to varying responses exhibited by the individuals to xenobiotics. 

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Briefly, the dual-interaction approach postulates that two interactions — that between biology and environment and that between person and situation — work together to determine behavior. The Person and the Situational context interact to determine behavior in the short term. The Person, in turn, is a product of developmental factors that are both Biologi-... 

To the best of our knowledge, no studies with child and adolescent depressed cohorts have examined hippocampal volume. The one study that examined hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with PTSD (n = 43), about half of whom met criteria for comorbid MDD, failed to find evidence of hippocampal atrophy (De Beilis et ah, 1999). This finding is not surprising, as most of the children and adolescents in the study had not experienced more than one episode of depression, and hippocampal atrophy was found to be correlated with total lifetime duration of illness in the prior adult studies cited (Sheline et ah, 1996 Brem-ner et ah, 2000). Developmental factors may also account for the discrepant findings in child and adult studies. For example, age-dependent changes in sensitivity to some forms of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade neurotoxicity in corticolimbic regions have been reported in preclinical studies, with cell death minimal or absent prepuberty and reaching peak in early adulthood (Father et ah, 1995). 

The marked difference in efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine in children and adolescents with autistic disorder and other PDDs in this study, compared with that of autistic adults, underscores the importance of developmental factors in the pharmacotherapy of these... 

Genetic and developmental factors may play a greater role. 

Schizophrenia remains a multifaceted disorder, with all evidence of its onset and etiology pointing to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and developmental factors. 

Children respond to disasters based on their developmental stage, their level of exposure and the response of others around them (22). Physical injury, proximity to the disaster, witnessing injury and death of family members or other loved ones, the extent and duration of disruption of daily activities, parental reactions and family disruption all contribute to how children respond. Relevant developmental factors include cognitive, physical, educational and social development and experience. In addition, the emotional state of children and their families before the disaster help predict their response after. Therefore, primary care physicians who have provided continuous care for families, including emotional support, are well suited to help families, including children, to adjust following a disaster (22). 

The proportions of fibers within a muscle are determined by a combination of genetic and developmental factors and by the pattern of recruitment of the muscle unit. Due to this latter influence, the twitch and enzyme characteristics of muscle fibers are somewhat malleable, being influenced by training (especially endurance training) or by detraining (as in bed rest). 

Fig. 2. Gene expression in late embryogenesis is controlled by ABA, VPl and unidentified developmental factors.

In conclusion, it is clear that developmental factors play a role in the expression of CAM in non-stressed plants. The simplest interpretation is that prolonged photoperiods allow more growth over a given time, hence plants reach a certain developmental stage earlier which allows an earlier induction of CAM. The dependence of induction on environment may be mediated through abscisic acid, which serves as a functional linkage between environmental stress and biochemical adaptation. 

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