Developing countries, renewable

Keywords Sustainable energy, climate change, developing countries, renewable energy, energy-climate-poverty nexus... 

Schafer AI, Hughes G, Richards BS. Renewable energy powered membrane technology a leapfrog approach to rural water treatment in developing countries Renew Sustain Energy Rev... 

The gradual transition towards the biobased economy brings opportunities for developing countries to leapfrog beyond the petroleum era and into a cleaner, greener and more renewable future based on biotechnology knowledge. 

Large amounts of agricultural waste products, such as corn cobs, are continuously provided in several developing countries. Xylan is considered to be a green polymer that may play an essential role in the renewability of waste products due to its biodegradable and biocompatible nature. Furthermore, as shown in this chapter, xylan presents particular properties that allow a wide range of applications. 

Because of limits on the amount of land accordingly available for growing plants that can be used for energy, bioenergy cannot be viewed globally as the sole replacement or substitute for fossil fuels, but rather as one element in a broader portfolio of renewable energy sources [1]. In rural locations in developing countries without current access to electricity, however, biomass can provide a transformative local power source. 

Urmee T, Harries D, Schlapfer A. Issues related to rural electrification using renewable energy in developing countries of Asia and Pacific. Renewable Energy. 2009 34(2) 354-357. DOL10.1016/j. renene. 2008. 05. 004. 

Being convinced of the value of the renewables approach for the industrial world, as well as for developing countries, I was myself delighted to collaborate on this series of books focusing on different aspects of renewable resources. I hope that readers become aware of the complexity, the interaction and interconnections, and the challenges of this field and that they will help to communicate on the importance of renewable resources. 

The water in rivers and streams can be captured and turned into hydropower (HP), also called hydroelectric power. HP currently provides about 17% of the world s electricity supply, virtually all of Norway s electricity and more than 40% of the electricity nsed in developing countries. However, there is great potential in hydropower worldwide. Norway produces more than 99% of its electricity with hydropower. New Zealand nses hydropower for 75% of its electricity. HP provides more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable sources. Other sources, biomass, geothermal, solar and wind account for less than 3% of renewable electricity production. When the electricity share of total energy consumption is considered, the increase becomes even more dramatic. 

---