Deuterium fluoride

Fluorine reacts with ammonia in the presence of ammonium acid fluoride to give nitrogen trifluoride, NF. This compound can be used as a fluorine source in the high power hydrogen fluoride—deuterium fluoride (HF/DF) chemical lasers and in the production of microelectronic siUcon-based components. 

Usually, ipso substitution of the diazo moiety is observed but, particularly when the substrate is substituted by electron-withdrawing groups (N02, CF3) and the nucleophile Nu is not very reactive, the reaction does not proceed regiospecifically and ArNu is obtained as an isomeric mixture. Deuterium is also incorporated when the reaction is performed in a deuterium fluoride/pyridine mixture.15a g 17 These results can be explained by [l,2]-hydrogen shifts in... 

Fluorine occurs naturally as a single isotope. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in one molecule of deuterium fluoride Is deuterium fluoride an acid or a base (Deuterium is 2H.)... 

Fourier transform IR spectra and band contour analysis of the deuterium fluoride (DF) stretching region were also measured in a similar system for the thiirane-DF complex <2004JCP7784>. Analysis of the spectra between 50 and 250 K showed three low-frequency H-bond modes (fn, strongly coupled to the DF stretching mode with... 

Treatment of the des-A-A -unsaturated compound (406) with hydrogen fluoride gave the 9a-fluoro-product (407) and the backbone-rearranged ketone (409). Migration of a deuterium atom from the 17a- to the 13a-position, and failure to incorporate any deuterium other than at C(ll) when the reagent was deuterium fluoride, established a mechanism of the type illustrated (408), presumably with rapid sequential hydride and methyl shifts, not involving any olefinic... 

For small molecules in the gaseous state, quadrupole coupling constants for deuterium and other nuclei can be determined from microwave spectroscopyS4,S6 and molecular beam resonance.43 For systems that behave differently in isolated molecules and in the condensed states, these techniques give unique information. Examples are lithium deuter-ide,61 which has an NaCl structure and therefore a zero field gradient for deuterium in the solid state, and deuterium fluoride,36 which forms strong hydrogen bonds in both the liquid and the solid state. 

Fluorine reacts with hydrogen (FI) and deuterium (D) to form hydrogen fluoride (FIF) and deuterium fluoride (DF), where deuterium (jIT) is an isotope of hydrogen. Would a given amount of fluorine react with different masses of the two hydrogen isotopes Does this violate the law of definite proportion Explain. 

Further acceleration of isotope exchange, by three to four powers of ten, can be achieved116-118 by working in liquid deuterium fluoride, particularly if it contains BF3.108-110 The properties attaching to deuterium bromide apply also to this system. For toluene, equilibrium is reached in 15 minutes,108 and, as in exchange in DBr, only the hydrogen atoms attached directly to the aromatic ring are replaced, even in presence of BF3. 

To date, this method has been used only for producing small amoimts of DF. Deuterium fluoride may be stored in vessels made of platinum, silver or copper. 

Fig. 18.8. Above the recommended molecular structures of the gaseous hydrogen-bonded complexes (HF)2 and H2OHF in the gas phase. Below the crystal structure of deuterium fluoride at 4.2 K.

Another laser project that showed promise was the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL). The THEL is a deuterium fluoride chemical laser with a theoretical power of 100 kilowatts. It was a joint project with the United States and Israel and was able to shoot down Katyusha rockets but nothing larger. Although lasers show promise, it seems unlikely that they will be used in an ABM system anytime soon. 

Pfleiderer T, Waldner I, Bertagnolli H, Tbdheide K, Fischer HE (2000) The structure of liquid and supercritical deuterium fluoride from neutron scattering and using high-pressure techniques. J Chem Phys 113 3690-3696... 

The uncertainty about the mechanism(s) of the formylation reaction of anisole and phenol, on the one hand, and toluene on the other, presented a challenging investigative opportunity. Deuterium labelling as a tool to probe reaction mechanisms is widely used and in this regard the use of deuterium fluoride could indicate whether protonation in the initial stages of the reaction occurs preferentially on the aromatic ring or on the carbon monoxide molecule. 

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