Determination of Carbonyl Groups

Springer Series in Wood Science Methods in Lignin Chemistry (Edited by S.Y. Lin and C.W. Dence) 

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Recently a quantitative method for the determination of carbonyl groups in oxidized xylan has been developed.106 The method involves the reaction of the carbonyl group with O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride to form the corresponding oxime with the liberation of one mole of titratable acid. 

Table 1 Classical methods for determination of carbonyl groups in cellulose...

L16. Lenz, A. G., Costabel, U., Shaltiel, S., and Levine, R. L., Determination of carbonyl groups in oxidatively modified proteins by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. Anal. Biochem. 177,419-425 (1989). 

Alternatively, the total carbonyl content of a lignin preparation may be determined by reduction with either sodium or potassium borohydride. This method is based on the Lindberg-Misiorny method for the determination of carbonyl groups in carbohydrates (Lindberg and Misiorny 1952, Lindberg and Theander 1954). Both sodium and potassium borohydrides are insoluble in ether but soluble in water without decomposition. At room temperature, they effectively reduce aldehydes and ketones in aqueous and methanol solutions, in particular in weakly alkaline solutions, without simultaneously reducing olefinic double bones ... 

Levine RL, Wehr N, Williams JA, Stadtman ER, Shacter E (2000) Determination of carbonyl groups in oxidized proteins. Methods Mol Biol 99 15-24 Lovell MA, Markesbery WR (2001) Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Arch Neurol 58 392-396... 

O Faix, B Andersons, and G Zakis. Determination of Carbonyl Groups of Six Round Robin Lignins by Modified Oxknation and FTIR Spectroscopy. Holzforschung 52 268-274, 1998. 

J. Rdhrhng, A. Potthast, T. Rosenau, T. Lange, G. Ebner, H. Sixta, and P. Kosma, A novel method for the determination of carbonyl groups in cellulosics by flourescence labeling. 1. Method development, Biomacromolecules, 3 (2002) 959-968. 

The method of determination of carbonyl groups in oxidized iPP was based on UV spectrophotometiic determination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by means of the absorption band at X, = 365 nm Hydrazones originated in the reaction of oxidized iPP with... 

Determination of carbonyl groups by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and titration of the liberated hydrochloric acid, or determination of aldehyde groups by oxidation with hypoiodite or chlorous acid and by reaction with diamines and subsequent fixation of dyes. 

In the precise determination of the IR absorption maxima which can be formed during photo-oxidation of a given polymer, it is useful to determine spectra of some model carbonyl compounds. Table 10.9 gives such model compounds used for the determination of carbonyl groups in photo-oxidized polypropylene. 

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