Detail, story

For a detailed story of the Archaea, see T. Friend, The Third Domain. The Untold Story of the Archaea and the Future of Biotechnology, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC, 2007. 

For a detailed story of Hox genes and development, see S. B. Carroll, Endless Forms Most Beautiful The New Science ofEvo Devo, Norton, New York, 2005. 

F. A. Cotton s Centenary Lecture Quadruple Bonds and other Multiple Metal to Metal Bonds , Chem. Soc. Rev. 4, 27-53 (1975) (The detailed story of elucidating the structure of the rhenium anions is given). 

Already in the early days of radiochemistry some radionuclides were isolated from matrices and their mixtures were separated, making use of different volatility of various elements and compounds. Well-known is the role of the extreme volatility of radon in the discovery of emanations by Dorn and Rutherford (see a detailed story in Reference [1]). In her logbooks Mme. Curie noted purification of polonium by sublimation, when collecting deposits obtained at different temperatures [2], After the discovery of nuclear fission, the volatile species — Kr and Xe in the elemental state, As and Sb as gaseous ASH3 and SbH3, as well as Ru in the... 

In the short script, where dialogue is best kept to a minimum, a detailed story outline can occasionally serve the purposes of a first-draft screenplay. There are students who prefer to answer the questions and move directly to a rough draft. If this second method is your choice, you will probably find that writing a bare-bones outline of this draft can help you spot problems in motivation and structure before going on to the next draft. It is much easier to see such difficulties when the scenes are laid out in sequence on a single sheet of paper. 

In this chapter, a detailed story of this topic and the characteristics of ASP toxin production by... 

After three rounds of the competition for an EPA logo, a call for the EPA members to vote on the many sketches proposed from diiferent countries was announced in March 1990. Since the not so many ballots received were in favour of diiferent proposals, it was decided to forward the best suggestion to an artist in order to create the final version. U. Mazzucato asked for the help of designer Mr. F. Latini in Perugia. His proposal was presented at the GC of 1992 in Leuven and received such a full acclaim that it was decided that it should be the basis for the final printed version of the EPA logo (Fig. 23) which was put into action by A. Braun and H.-J. Kuhn (a detailed story of the logo by J.W. Verhoeven can be found in issue n.49 (November 1993) of the Newsletter. 

How living systems convert acetate to fats is an exceedingly complex story one that IS well understood m broad outline and becoming increasingly clear m detail as well We will examine several aspects of this topic m the next few sections focusing mostly on Its structural and chemical features... 

We shall take up the kinetics of crystallization in detail in Secs. 4.5 and 4.6. For the present, our only interest is in examining what role kinetic factors play in complicating the crystal-liquid transition. In brief, the story goes like this. Polymers have a great propensity to supercool. If and when they do crystallize, it is an experimental fact that smaller crystal dimensions are obtained the lower the temperature at which the crystallization is carried out. The following considerations supply some additional details ... 

A similar logic can be applied to copolymers. The story is a bit more complicated to tell, so we only outline the method. If penultimate effects operate, then the probabilities Ph, Pi2> and so on, defined by Eqs. (7.32)-(7.35) should be replaced by conditional probabilities. As a matter of fact, the kind of conditional probabilities needed must be based on the two preceding events. Thus reactions (7.E) and (7.F) are two of the appropriate reactions, and the corresponding probabilities are Pj n and V i2 - Rather than work out all of the possibilities in detail, we summarize the penultimate model as follows ... 

After the preliminary tests are made on a promising catalyst and some insight gained on the process, it is time to do a kinetic study and model development. The method of a kinetic study can be best explained on an actual industrial problem. Because more can be learned from a failure than from a success, the oxidation of propylene to acrolein is an instructive attempt at process development. (Besides, to get permission to publish a success is more difficult than to solve the problem itself) Some details of the development work follow in narrative form to make the story short and to avoid embarrassing anyone. 

If an incident that happened in your plant is described, you may notice that one or two details have been changed. Sometimes this has been done to make it harder for people to tell where the incident occurred. Sometimes this has been done to make a complicated story simpler but without affecting the essential message. Sometimes—and this is the most likely... 

Thus, the mean temperature of the atmosphere, which is about 20°C at sea level, falls steadily to about —55° at an altitude of 10 km and then rises to almost 0°C at 50 km before dropping steadily again to about —90° at 90 km. Concern was expressed in 1974 that interaction of ozone with man-made chlorofluorocarbons would deplete the equilibrium concentration of ozone with potentially disastrous consequences, and this was dramatically confirmed by the discovery of a seasonally recurring ozone hole above Antarctica in 1985. A less prominent ozone hole was subsequently detected above the Arctic Ocean. The detailed physical and chemical conditions required to generate these large seasonal depletions of ozone are extremely complex but the main features have now been elucidated (see p. 848). Several accounts of various aspects of the emerging story, and of the consequent international governmental actions to... 

We will leave the story of cephalosporin here, since much of the subsequent modifications depend more upon synthetic chemistry than upon biotechnology. It is for example possible to convert deacetoxycephalosporin, exomethylenecephain and demethylcephalosporin derivatives using synthetic chemical procedures. If you wish to follow up this aspect of antibiotic production in more detail, we would recommend Sebek K. O "Antibiotics" in Biotechnology - Volume 6a, edited by Kieslich, K. 1984. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. 

During the last 50 years the understanding of the very complex phenomenon of friction and abrasion of tire tread compounds and their relation to traction and wear has progressed steadily. This chapter tries to trace the main strands of this story. Some details may still be missing but the main points are now clear. 

It is essential to realize that electrons In the nitrate anion do not flip back and forth among the three bonds, as implied by separate structures. The true character of the anion is a blend of the three, In which all three nitrogen-oxygen bonds are equivalent. The need to show several equivalent structures for such species reflects the fact that Lewis structures are approximate representations. They reveal much about how electrons are distributed in a molecule or ion, but they are imperfect instruments that cannot describe the entire story of chemical bonding, hi Chapter 10, we show how to interpret these structures from a more detailed bonding perspective. 

The story of the ozone hole illustrates how important it is to learn the molecular details of chemical reactions. Some chemists use information about how reactions occur to design and synthesize useful new compounds. Others explore how to modify reaction conditions to minimize the cost of producing industrial chemicals. This chapter explores how chemical reactions occur at the molecular level. We show how to describe a reaction from the molecular perspective, introduce the basic principles that govern these processes, and describe some experimental methods used to study chemical reactions. 

Aluminum metal is produced from aluminum oxide by electrolysis using the Hall-Heroult process, whose story is detailed in our Chemical Milestones Box. The melting point of AI2 O3 is too high (2015 °C) and its electrical conductivity too low to make direct electrolysis commercially viable. Instead, AI2 O3 is mixed with cryolite (Na3 AlFfi) containing about 10% CaF2. This mixture has a melting point of 1000 °C, still a high temperature but not prohibitively so. Aluminum forms several complex ions with fluoride and oxide, so the molten mixture... 

The probe molecules of greatest historical interest in catalysis are the Hammett indicators [13]. The difficulty of making reliable visual or spectrophotometric observations of the state of protonation of these species on solids is well known. We have recently carried out the first NMR studies of Hanunett indicators on solid acids [ 14]. This was also the occasion of the first detailed collaboration between the authors of this article, and theoretical methods proved to strongly compliment the NMR experiments. The Hanunett story is told after first reviewing the application of theoretical chemistry to such problems. Central to the application of any physical method in chemistry is the process of modeling the relationship between the observables and molecular structure. However often one does this, it is rarely an exact process. One can rationalize almost any trend in isotropic chemical shift as a function of some variation in molecular structure - after the fact, but the quantitative prediction of such trends in advance defies intuition in most nontrivial cases. Even though the NMR spectrum is a function... 

ANSWER Actually we used synthesized (-l-)-fenfluramine. The fluoxetine story is not clear. It does not block the discriminative cue, but other workers have shown that it blocks the neurotoxicity. We have not looked at it in enough detail or at any of the in vitro models to see whether it blocks or releases serotonin. 

The first pair of examples we would like to discuss occurs in a field which lends itself naturally to be conquered by theory. Indeed, the past three decades have seen the exploration of mechanistic details of pericyclic reactions as one of the major success stories of computational chemistry. Rooted in qualitative molecular orbital theory, the key concept of... 

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