Minimization, design strategies

Design strategies which result in an inherently safer design may also tend to improve process economics. For example, minimizing the size of equipment or simplifying a process by eliminating equipment will usually reduce capital investment and reduce operating costs. However, overall process economics are very complex and are impacted by many factors, and it may not always be true that an inherently safer process is also economically more attractive. 

Additional discussion regarding reactor design strategies is covered in Section 3.1 on minimization (as an inherently safer design strategy), and in Section 4.4 on Design and Construction. 

The degree of carryover from fluctuating load boilers and the effectiveness of strategies designed to minimize the problem... 

Hazard and Risk Analysis Consideration should be given to identifying process hazards as early as possible in the process equipment design, so that measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate the hazards. Inherently safer design strategies, such as minimize, substitute, moderate, and simplify, should be implemented. 

Physical properties of the protein structure should be considered in designing strategies to achieve stable formulations because they can often yield clues about which solution environment would be appropriate for stabilization. For example, the insulin molecule is known to self-associate via a nonspecific hydrophobic mechanism66 Stabilizers tested include phenol derivatives, nonionic and ionic surfactants, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, and carbohydrates. The choice of using stabilizers that are amphiphilic in nature to minimize interactions where protein hydrophobic surfaces instigate the instability is founded upon the hydro-phobic effect.19 It has already been mentioned that hydrophobic surfaces prefer... 

A question of ufmosf inferesf is whefher high proton mobility in aqueous-based PEMs is possible under conditions of minimal hydration and at elevated temperature. Obviously, the answer could have a tremendous impact on promising design strategies in membrane research. - ° This calls attention to interfacial mechanisms of proton transport (PT). 

Ecological. This historically venerable strategy is characterized by tactics designed to minimize exposure of plants to pathogens and make environmental conditions unfavorable for disease development. Measures include crop rotation, sanitation, and quarantine. Such procedures are valuable and worthy of further development, but they are generally of limited effectiveness in providing reliably high yield and quality of crops in areas with severe or persistent disease problems. 

This section will broadly describe some of the practical system design strategies that are being used to minimize problems that sometimes plague all types of chemical vapor sensors such as baseline drift, inadequate sensitivity, and inadequate selectivity. While special emphasis will be given to acoustic sensors, the approaches described here are generally applicable to any vapor sensing device. 

Systematic reviews are recent additions to the medical literature. In contrast to traditional narrative reviews, these reviews aim to answer a precisely defined clinical question and to do so in a way that is transparent and designed to minimize bias. Some of the defining features of systematic reviews are (1) a clear definition of the clinical question to be addressed, (2) an extensive and explicit strategy to find ail studies (published or unpublished) that may be eligible for inclusion in the review, (3) criteria by which studies are included and excluded, (4) a mechanism to assess the quahty of each study and, in some cases, (5) synthesis of results by use of statistical techniques of meta-analysis. By contrast, traditional reviews are subjective, are rarely well focused on a clinical question, lack explicit criteria for selection of studies to be reviewed, do not indicate criteria to assess the quality of included studies, and rarely can use meta-analysis. 

A strategy has been designed to minimize the number of dimers required for the synthesis of trimer phosphoramidite building blocks encoding all 20 amino acids. This requires a set of 7 different dimer blocks which can be used to synthesise all required antisense sequences. A set of 4 trimer phosphoramidites... 

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