Presentation, design process

Participating in the design process presents opportunities for upstream involvement by safety professionals, using system safety concepts. 

The design process presents multiple opportunities for ethical dilemmas. As just one example, what should the design engineer do when she is concerned about project design decisions which she believes will compromise public safety Article 3 of Canon 1 in ASCE s Code states ... 

The UCB collection and refining technology (owned by BP Chemicals (122,153—155)) also depends on partial condensation of maleic anhydride and scmbbing with water to recover the maleic anhydride present in the reaction off-gas. The UCB process departs significantly from the Scientific Design process when the maleic acid is dehydrated to maleic anhydride. In the UCB process the water in the maleic acid solution is evaporated to concentrate the acid solution. The concentrated acid solution and condensed cmde maleic anhydride is converted to maleic anhydride by a thermal process in a specially designed reactor. The resulting cmde maleic anhydride is then purified by distillation. 

An estimate of heat and contaminant emission to the room air is needed early in the design process. Table 8.4 presents typical parameters of interest. 

A number of general methods and methods particularly suited to and needed for ventilation in large industrial rooms are presented in the previous sections. They differ in complexity of effort and accuracy of results and therefore are applied at different stages of the design process. 

The introduction of computers to many companies allows proprietary software to be used for layout design. Spreadsheet, mathematical modeling and computer-aided design (CAD) techniques are available and greatly assist the design process, and have added to the resources available to planners. However, the traditional scale models described above will still be useful to present the result to management and shop floor personnel. 

There are many books that address experimental design and present factorial experimental design in detail (for example Design and Analysis of Experiments by Montgomery (1997) or Design of Experiments by Anderson and McLean (1974)). As engineers, we are faced quite often with the need to design a set of preliminary experiments for a process that very little or essentially no information is available. 

Source Buckley, P.S. Input of Process Control Advances on Process Design, paper presented at A.I.Ch.E. Process Control Workshop in Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 5, 1964. 

To predict the heat transfer effects, the engineer must have an adequate quantitative description of heat transfer between the tube wall and the fluid phases, heat transfer between the tube wall and the fluid phases, heat transfer between the two phases, the rate of phase change within the system, and the rate of heat transfer resulting from phase change. Unfortunately, present design procedures only provide estimates of the system performance. Many procedures have not been formulated in a systematic manner, and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint areas where the present understanding of the design process is weakest. 

In this thesis an Inherent Safety Index for conceptual chemical process design is presented. This is required, since inherent safety should be considered in the early phases of design when the major decisions on the chemical process are made. The presented methodology allows such a consideration since the index is based on the knowledge available in the preliminary process design stage. 

In the Chapter 7 the selected inherent safety parameters for conceptual process design were presented. From these parameters an inherent safety index is formed in this Chapter. There is a straight link between inherent safety principles and the inherent safety index as discussed earlier (see Figure 5). 

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