Design of Experiments approach

Linking the ketone and carboxylic acid components together in an Ugi reaction facilitates the synthesis of pyrrolidinones amenable to library design. The three-component condensation of levulinic acid 30, an amine and isocyanide proceeds under microwave irradiation to give lactams 31 [65]. The optimum conditions were established by a design of experiments approach, varying the equivalents of amine, concentration, imine pre-formation time, microwave reaction time and reaction temperature, yielding lactams 31 at 100 °C in poor to excellent yield, after only 30 min compared to 48 h under ambient conditions (Scheme 11). 

TABLE 2.6. Typical Approach and Results for Statistical Design of Experiments Approach... 

Coming to grips with the multiplicity of parameters that commonly define such a process is clearly facilitated when employing statistical techniques exemplified by the design of experiments approach. Technology transfer on a global scale is equally well facilitated by access to expert systems that capture all of the relevant process and formulation events that have been used to define the final coated dosage form. 

P-16 - Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium-containing microporous aluminophosphates via the design of experiments approach... 

P-16 - Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium-containing microporous aluminophosphates via the design of experiments approach L. Frunza, P. Van Der Voort, E.F. Vansant, R.A. Schoonheyd and B.M. Weckhuysen... 

Decaris, M.L., Leach, J.K., 2011. Design of experiments approach to engineer cell-secreted matrices for directing osteogenic differentiation. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 39, 1174—1185. 

A design of experiments procedure has been used to study in a rigorous manner the collected experimental data and also to relate, through analytical expressions, the investigated dependent variables with the control factors (independent variables). The design of experiments approach allows one to study the main effect of the factors and also their interaction effects. The aim is the description of the analytical relations which express the dependent variables as a function of the examined control factors through first (simple factorial) or second-order (spherical CCD) regression models. 

Zanto EJ, Al-Muhtaseb SA, Ritter JA (2002) Sol-gel-derived carbon aerogels and xerogels Design of experiments approach to materials synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Res 41 3151-3162. 

T. Sou, L. Orlando, M.P. McIntosh, L.M. Kaminskas, D.A.V. Morton, Investigating the interactions of amino acid components on a mcumitol-based spray-dried powder formulation for pulmonary delivery A design of experiment approach. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 421, 220-229, 2011. 

The use of the amine hexadecylamine (HDA) to devulcanise sulfur-cured EPDM rubbers has been described by Dijkuis and co-workers [50]. Conventionally and efficiently vnlcanised (EV) EPDM rubbers were devulcanised in a Brabender Plasticorder with HDA under various conditions. The effects of temperature, time, shear and amonnt of reclaiming agent on devnlcanisation were examined nsing a design of experiments approach, and the devulcanisates were characterised by Mooney viscosity measnrements, solvent extraction, crosslink density determinations and light microscopy. 

K. K. Tahboub and I. A. Rawabdeh, A design of experiments approach for optimizing an extrasion blow moulding process. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 10,47-54 (2004). 

---