Design aspects regenerator

Practical Aspects There are a number of process-specific concerns that are accounted for in good design. In regenerate systems, sorbents age, losing capacity because of fouling by heavy contaminants, loss of surface area or crystallinity, oxidation, and the like. Mass-transfer resistances may increase over time. Because of particle shape, size distribution, or column packing method,... 

The performance of SCR integrated filters is characterized by the deNOx performance, analogous to catalysts based on flow-through substrates, combined with the additional requirements for the filter component, such as pressure drop, filtration, and thermal robusmess under regeneration conditions. In addition, we have to consider the presence of soot and ash within the component and their influence on all the performance aspects including the reactions. In the following sections, each of these characteristics will be discussed in terms of basic fundamentals and design aspects. 

Many aspects of FCC development have been the result of trial and error. The development of present design standards is as much art as it is science. Consequently, it is appropriate to review some of the key developments that have influenced the current design philosophy behind the FCC reactor and regenerator ... 

In general, recyclability is crucial for the design of sustainable chemical processes [83]. The aspect that should be elaborated here is the possibility of regeneration and reuse of the ionic liquid, depending on the type of impurity and the sensitivity of the specific application towards contamination. 

The choice of the bioreactor type for denitrification of NO to N2 and the regeneration of the chelating agent Fe(II)EDTA2 is another important decision. A properly designed and controlled bioreactor should ensure high biomass concentration, constant temperature and pH, optimal mixing and correct shear conditions. Other important aspects are listed below ... 

The present model appears to be useful in the design of fluidized bed filters. It does not address questions concerning the quality of fluidization, stickiness of the particles, solids regeneration rates and agglomeration effects. In order to optimize the fluidized bed filter these effects must be considered in conjunction with those aspects to the problem elucidated here. 

Finally, possible causes for deactivation of catalytic membranes are described and severad aspects of regenerating catalytic membrane reactors are discussed. A variety of membrane reactor configurations are mentioned and some unique membrane reactor designs such as double spiral-plate or spiral-tube reactor, fuel cell unit, crossflow dualcompartment reactor, hollow-fiber reactor and fluidized-bed membrane reactor are reviewed. 

Although the catalyst (prepared based on a HZSM-5 zeolite) performs well despite deactivation and the operating conditions are suitably chosen in view of this, the deactivation by coke in the MTG (methanol to gasoline) process is somewhat rapid [1]. (Consequently, the economy of the MTG process requires periodic regeneration of the catalyst by coke combustion with air within the reactor itself [2-4]. In addition to the rapid deactivation, an additional aspect that conditions the design of the MTG process is the fact that the reaction is highly exothermic. 

Since brewery wastewater contains high levels of organic impurities, the results discussed in this section show that membrane technologies may be considered as preferred treatment methods for the brewing industry because of their environmentally friendly results, simplicity regarding design, user-friendly aspects in terms of operations and the small amount of space they require. Furthermore, no regenerating chemicals are required, which means no additional salts have to be added for wastewater neutralisation. 

SOME ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW TEMPERATURE REGENERATORS... 

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